This publication contains a collection of key science and technology indicators and other relevant data for the 15 EU member states, as well its position with regards to its main competitors. Data for Iceland, Norway and the EU acceding and candidate countries are also considered where possible. Topics covered include: research and development (R&D) expenditure and investment, R&D personnel, human resources in science and technology, Government budget appropriations or outlays, patents, European technological productivity and competitiveness, and methodological notes.
This book analyzes the possibilities for effective global governance of science in Europe, India and China. Authors from the three regions join forces to explore how ethical concerns over new technologies can be incorporated into global science and technology policies. The first chapter introduces the topic, offering a global perspective on embedding ethics in science and technology policy. Chapter Two compares the institutionalization of ethical debates in science, technology and innovation policy in three important regions: Europe, India and China. The third chapter explores public perceptions of science and technology in these same three regions. Chapter Four discusses public engagement in the governance of science and technology, and Chapter Five reviews science and technology governance and European values. The sixth chapter describes and analyzes values demonstrated in the constitution of the People’s Republic of China. Chapter Seven describes emerging evidence from India on the uses of science and technology for socio-economic development, and the quest for inclusive growth. In Chapter Eight, the authors propose a comparative framework for studying global ethics in science and technology. The following three chapters offer case studies and analysis of three emerging industries in India, China and Europe: new food technologies, nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Chapter 12 gathers all these threads for a comprehensive discussion on incorporating ethics into science and technology policy. The analysis is undertaken against the backdrop of different value systems and varying levels of public perception of risks and benefits. The book introduces a common analytical framework for the comparative discussion of ethics at the international level. The authors offer policy recommendations for effective collaboration among the three regions, to promote responsible governance in science and technology and a common analytical perspective in ethics.
This publication, intended for both generalists and specialists, presents the key indicators describing science and technology in Europe and its main competitors. It contains a selection of tables and figures in the fields of government budget appropriations or outlays on R&D (GBAORD), R&D expenditure and personnel, patents, innovation, high-tech trade, information society, human resources in science and technology (HRST) and employment in high technology and knowledge-intensive sectors. Data are presented both at the national and regional levels, with additional general indicators included for reference.
The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications ...
