This paper responds to the Board’s call for greater consistency in fiscal reporting in line with GFSM 2001. In this context, the paper summarizes the framework, reviews the implementation process of the GFSM 2001 framework by member countries and Fund staff, and proposes pilot studies. It seeks the support of the Board for gradual adoption of the framework as the basis for fiscal analysis in Fund staff reports.
Statistics for Lawyers presents the science of statistics in action at the cutting edge of legal problems. A series of more than 90 case studies, drawn principally from actual litigation, have been selected to illustrate important areas of the law in which statistics has played a role and to demonstrate a variety of statistical tools. Some case studies raise legal issues that are being intensely debated and lie at the edge of the law. Of particular note are problems involving toxic torts, employment discrimination, stock market manipulation, paternity, tax legislation, and drug testing. The case studies are presented in the form of legal/statistical puzzles to challenge the reader and focus discussion on the legal implications of statistical findings. The techniques range from simple averaging for the estimation of thefts from parking meters to complex logistic regression models for the demonstration of discrimination in the death penalty. Excerpts of data allow the reader to compute statistical results and an appendix contains the authors' calculations.
During the past decade there has been an explosion in computation and information technology. With it have come vast amounts of data in a variety of fields such as medicine, biology, finance, and marketing. The challenge of understanding these data has led to the development of new tools in the field of statistics, and spawned new areas such as data mining, machine learning, and bioinformatics. Many of these tools have common underpinnings but are often expressed with different terminology. This book describes the important ideas in these areas in a common conceptual framework. While the approach is statistical, the emphasis is on concepts rather than mathematics. Many examples are given, with a liberal use of color graphics. It should be a valuable resource for statisticians and anyone interested in data mining in science or industry. The book’s coverage is broad, from supervised learning (prediction) to unsupervised learning. The many topics include neural networks, support vector machines, classification trees and boosting---the first comprehensive treatment of this topic in any book. This major new edition features many topics not covered in the original, including graphical models, random forests, ensemble methods, least angle regression & path algorithms for the lasso, non-negative matrix factorization, and spectral clustering. There is also a chapter on methods for “wide” data (p bigger than n), including multiple testing and false discovery rates. Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, and Jerome Friedman are professors of statistics at Stanford University. They are prominent researchers in this area: Hastie and Tibshirani developed generalized additive models and wrote a popular book of that title. Hastie co-developed much of the statistical modeling software and environment in R/S-PLUS and invented principal curves and surfaces. Tibshirani proposed the lasso and is co-author of the very successful An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Friedman is the co-inventor of many data-mining tools including CART, MARS, projection pursuit and gradient boosting.
This volume discusses an important area of statistics and highlights the most important statistical advances. It is divided into four sections: statistics in the life and medical sciences, business and social science, the physical sciences and engineering, and theory and methods of statistics.
Learn statistics by analyzing professional basketball data! In this action-packed book, you’ll build your skills in exploratory data analysis by digging into the fascinating world of NBA games and player stats using the R language. Statistics Slam Dunk is an engaging how-to guide for statistical analysis with R. Each chapter contains an end-to-end data science or statistics project delving into NBA data and revealing real-world sporting insights. Written by a former basketball player turned business intelligence and analytics leader, you’ll get practical experience tidying, wrangling, exploring, testing, modeling, and otherwise analyzing data with the best and latest R packages and functions. In Statistics Slam Dunk you’ll develop a toolbox of R programming skills including: Reading and writing data Installing and loading packages Transforming, tidying, and wrangling data Applying best-in-class exploratory data analysis techniques Creating compelling visualizations Developing supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms Executing hypothesis tests, including t-tests and chi-square tests for independence Computing expected values, Gini coefficients, z-scores, and other measures If you’re looking to switch to R from another language, or trade base R for tidyverse functions, this book is the perfect training coach. Much more than a beginner’s guide, it teaches statistics and data science methods that have tons of use cases. And just like in the real world, you’ll get no clean pre-packaged data sets in Statistics Slam Dunk. You’ll take on the challenge of wrangling messy data to drill on the skills that will make you the star player on any data team. Foreword by Thomas W. Miller. About the technology Statistics Slam Dunk is a data science manual with a difference. Each chapter is a complete, self-contained statistics or data science project for you to work through—from importing data, to wrangling it, testing it, visualizing it, and modeling it. Throughout the book, you’ll work exclusively with NBA data sets and the R language, applying best-in-class statistics techniques to reveal fun and fascinating truths about the NBA. About the book Is losing basketball games on purpose a rational strategy? Which hustle statistics have an impact on wins and losses? Does spending more on player salaries translate into a winning record? You’ll answer all these questions and more. Plus, R’s visualization capabilities shine through in the book’s 300 plots and charts, including Pareto charts, Sankey diagrams, Cleveland dot plots, and dendrograms. About the reader For readers who know basic statistics. No advanced knowledge of R—or basketball—required. About the author Gary Sutton is a former basketball player who has built and led high-performing business intelligence and analytics organizations across multiple verticals. Table of Contents 1 Getting started 2 Exploring data 3 Segmentation analysis 4 Constrained optimization 5 Regression models 6 More wrangling and visualizing data 7 T-testing and effect size testing 8 Optimal stopping 9 Chi-square testing and more effect size testing 10 Doing more with ggplot2 11 K-means clustering 12 Computing and plotting inequality 13 More with Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves 14 Intermediate and advanced modeling 15 The Lindy effect 16 Randomness versus causality 17 Collective intelligence
This volume contains lectures given at the 31st Probability Summer School in Saint-Flour (July 8-25, 2001). Simon Tavaré’s lectures serve as an introduction to the coalescent, and to inference for ancestral processes in population genetics. The stochastic computation methods described include rejection methods, importance sampling, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and approximate Bayesian methods. Ofer Zeitouni’s course on "Random Walks in Random Environment" presents systematically the tools that have been introduced to study the model. A fairly complete description of available results in dimension 1 is given. For higher dimension, the basic techniques and a discussion of some of the available results are provided. The contribution also includes an updated annotated bibliography and suggestions for further reading. Olivier Catoni's course appears separately.
This publication describes major developments affecting fisheries in OECD countries, including changes in government policies, trade, and fisheries and aquaculture production. This edition contains a special chapter on fishing capacity and a special study on the Russian Federation.
