Standby Power Management Architecture for Deep-submicron Systems
Standby Power Management Architecture for Deep-submicron Systems

Author: Michael Alan Sheets

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13:

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In deep-submicron processes a significant portion of the power budget is lost in standby power due to increasing leakage effects. For systems that have long idle times punctuated by bursts of activity, such as PDAs, cell-phones, and wireless sensor networks nodes, this standby power consumption reduces the effectiveness of duty-cycling. This work surveys a number of subthreshold leakage reduction techniques and identifies supply rail gating "MTCMOS" as the most promising. MTCMOS is a dynamic technique that has two distinct modes: an active processing mode and a lower power sleep mode. The smallest area implementations of MTCMOS have the side-effect of losing the state of the system when in sleep mode. This complicates the resumption of the active mode, because traditional designs are intolerent to the loss of state. This work presents a general framework to reduce the state maintenence requirements during sleep mode without losing information required to resume the active mode. The framework is applied to finite state machines and microprocessors, since these are commonly used in system design. Partitioning the system into subsystems with individually controlled supply rails "termed power domains" allows fine-grain control of the power mode for portions of the chip. Each power domain must be dynamically put in the appropriate power mode to ensure correct system operation while minimizing power consumption. This control logic collectively forms the core of a power manager. Most power manager implementation approaches are largely ad-hoc and custom designed for each application. This work presents a structured methodology and architecture for the implementation and control of power domains to form a power managed system. Approaches to the partitioning and implementation of individual power domains are explored. The functional requirements for the power manager

Multiprocessor System-on-Chip
Multiprocessor System-on-Chip

Author: Michael Hübner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-11-25

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 1441964606

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The purpose of this book is to evaluate strategies for future system design in multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) architectures. Both hardware design and integration of new development tools will be discussed. Novel trends in MPSoC design, combined with reconfigurable architectures are a main topic of concern. The main emphasis is on architectures, design-flow, tool-development, applications and system design.

Stochastic Process Variation in Deep-Submicron CMOS
Stochastic Process Variation in Deep-Submicron CMOS

Author: Amir Zjajo

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-19

Total Pages: 207

ISBN-13: 9400777817

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One of the most notable features of nanometer scale CMOS technology is the increasing magnitude of variability of the key device parameters affecting performance of integrated circuits. The growth of variability can be attributed to multiple factors, including the difficulty of manufacturing control, the emergence of new systematic variation-generating mechanisms, and most importantly, the increase in atomic-scale randomness, where device operation must be described as a stochastic process. In addition to wide-sense stationary stochastic device variability and temperature variation, existence of non-stationary stochastic electrical noise associated with fundamental processes in integrated-circuit devices represents an elementary limit on the performance of electronic circuits. In an attempt to address these issues, Stochastic Process Variation in Deep-Submicron CMOS: Circuits and Algorithms offers unique combination of mathematical treatment of random process variation, electrical noise and temperature and necessary circuit realizations for on-chip monitoring and performance calibration. The associated problems are addressed at various abstraction levels, i.e. circuit level, architecture level and system level. It therefore provides a broad view on the various solutions that have to be used and their possible combination in very effective complementary techniques for both analog/mixed-signal and digital circuits. The feasibility of the described algorithms and built-in circuitry has been verified by measurements from the silicon prototypes fabricated in standard 90 nm and 65 nm CMOS technology.

Low Power Design in Deep Submicron Electronics
Low Power Design in Deep Submicron Electronics

Author: W. Nebel

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 582

ISBN-13: 1461556856

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Low Power Design in Deep Submicron Electronics deals with the different aspects of low power design for deep submicron electronics at all levels of abstraction from system level to circuit level and technology. Its objective is to guide industrial and academic engineers and researchers in the selection of methods, technologies and tools and to provide a baseline for further developments. Furthermore the book has been written to serve as a textbook for postgraduate student courses. In order to achieve both goals, it is structured into different chapters each of which addresses a different phase of the design, a particular level of abstraction, a unique design style or technology. These design-related chapters are amended by motivations in Chapter 2, which presents visions both of future low power applications and technology advancements, and by some advanced case studies in Chapter 9. From the Foreword: `... This global nature of design for low power was well understood by Wolfgang Nebel and Jean Mermet when organizing the NATO workshop which is the origin of the book. They invited the best experts in the field to cover all aspects of low power design. As a result the chapters in this book are covering deep-submicron CMOS digital system design for low power in a systematic way from process technology all the way up to software design and embedded software systems. Low Power Design in Deep Submicron Electronics is an excellent guide for the practicing engineer, the researcher and the student interested in this crucial aspect of actual CMOS design. It contains about a thousand references to all aspects of the recent five years of feverish activity in this exciting aspect of design.' Hugo de Man Professor, K.U. Leuven, Belgium Senior Research Fellow, IMEC, Belgium

Advances in Computers
Advances in Computers

Author: Marvin Zelkowitz

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2011-09-21

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 0080524400

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The series covers new developments in computer technology. Most chapters present an overview of a current subfield within computers, with many citations, and often include new developments in the field by the authors of the individual chapters. Topics include hardware, software, theoretical underpinnings of computing, and novel applications of computers. This current volume emphasizes architectural advances and includes five chapters on hardware development, games for mobile devices such as cell phones, and open source software development. The book series is a valuable addition to university courses that emphasize the topics under discussion in that particular volume as well as belonging on the bookshelf of industrial practitioners who need to implement many of the technologies that are described. Current information on power requirements for new processors Development of games for devices with limited screen sizes (e.g. cellular telephones) Open source software development Multicore processors

Embedded Computing
Embedded Computing

Author: Joseph A. Fisher

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 710

ISBN-13: 1558607668

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"Embedded Computing is enthralling in its clarity and exhilarating in its scope. If the technology you are working on is associated with VLIWs or "embedded computing", then clearly it is imperative that you read this book. If you are involved in computer system design or programming, you must still read this book, because it will take you to places where the views are spectacular. You don't necessarily have to agree with every point the authors make, but you will understand what they are trying to say, and they will make you think.” From the Foreword by Robert Colwell, R&E Colwell & Assoc. Inc The fact that there are more embedded computers than general-purpose computers and that we are impacted by hundreds of them every day is no longer news. What is news is that their increasing performance requirements, complexity and capabilities demand a new approach to their design. Fisher, Faraboschi, and Young describe a new age of embedded computing design, in which the processor is central, making the approach radically distinct from contemporary practices of embedded systems design. They demonstrate why it is essential to take a computing-centric and system-design approach to the traditional elements of nonprogrammable components, peripherals, interconnects and buses. These elements must be unified in a system design with high-performance processor architectures, microarchitectures and compilers, and with the compilation tools, debuggers and simulators needed for application development. In this landmark text, the authors apply their expertise in highly interdisciplinary hardware/software development and VLIW processors to illustrate this change in embedded computing. VLIW architectures have long been a popular choice in embedded systems design, and while VLIW is a running theme throughout the book, embedded computing is the core topic. Embedded Computing examines both in a book filled with fact and opinion based on the authors many years of R&D experience. Features: · Complemented by a unique, professional-quality embedded tool-chain on the authors' website, http://www.vliw.org/book · Combines technical depth with real-world experience · Comprehensively explains the differences between general purpose computing systems and embedded systems at the hardware, software, tools and operating system levels. · Uses concrete examples to explain and motivate the trade-offs.