Speech Intelligibility in the Space Shuttle Mid-deck Noise Environment
Author: Michele Honey Segal
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages: 184
ISBN-13:
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Author: Michele Honey Segal
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages: 184
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Michael R. Barratt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2008-03-20
Total Pages: 592
ISBN-13: 0387681647
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOver the years, a large body of knowledge has developed regarding the ways in which space flight affects the health of the personnel involved. Now, for the first time, this clinical knowledge on how to diagnose and treat conditions that either develop during a mission or because of a mission has been compiled by Drs. Michael Barratt and Sam L. Pool of the NASA/Johnson Space Center. Complete with detailed information on the physiological and psychological affects of space flight as well as how to diagnose and treat everything from dental concerns to decompression to dermatological problems encountered, this text is a must have for all those associated with aerospace medicine.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Published: 2018-07-06
Total Pages: 56
ISBN-13: 9781722181123
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHigh noise levels can lead to physiological, psychological, and performance effects in man, ranging from irritability, annoyance, and sleep interference to interference with verbal communication and fatigue, and to temporary or permanent threshold shift at more extreme levels. The current study evaluated the acoustic environment of the STS50/USML-1 mission. The major objectives were to gain subjective assessments of the STS-50 noise levels, document impacts of noise upon crewmember performance, collect inflight sound level measurements, compare noise levels across missions, evaluate the current Shuttle acoustic criterion, and to make recommendations regarding noise specifications for SSF and other long-duration manned space missions. Sound measurements indicated that background noise levels were 60, 64, and 61 A-weighted decibels, respectively, on the Orbiter middeck, flight deck, and Space lab. All levels were rated acceptable, with the Spacelab environment rated the most favorably. Sleep stations afforded attenuation from airborne noise sources, although all crewmembers reported being awakened by crew activity on the middeck. Models of distance for acceptable speech communications were generated, identifying situations of compromised verbal communications to be avoided. Koros, Anton and Wheelwright, Charles and Adam, Susan Johnson Space Center...
Author: Ralf Steinmetz
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2013-06-05
Total Pages: 414
ISBN-13: 0387354131
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe volume contains the papers presented at the fifth working conference on Communications and Multimedia Security (CMS 2001), held on May 21-22, 2001 at (and organized by) the GMD -German National Research Center for Information Technology GMD - Integrated Publication and Information Systems Institute IPSI, in Darmstadt, Germany. The conference is arranged jointly by the Technical Committees 11 and 6 of the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) The name "Communications and Multimedia Security" was first used in 1995, Reinhard Posch organized the first in this series of conferences in Graz, Austria, following up on the previously national (Austrian) "IT Sicherheit" conferences held in Klagenfurt (1993) and Vienna (1994). In 1996, the CMS took place in Essen, Germany; in 1997 the conference moved to Athens, Greece. The CMS 1999 was held in Leuven, Belgium. This conference provides a forum for presentations and discussions on issues which combine innovative research work with a highly promising application potential in the area of security for communication and multimedia security. State-of-the-art issues as well as practical experiences and new trends in the areas were topics of interest again, as it has already been the case at previous conferences. This year, the organizers wanted to focus the attention on watermarking and copyright protection for e commerce applications and multimedia data. We also encompass excellent work on recent advances in cryptography and their applications. In recent years, digital media data have enormously gained in importance.
Author: Rodney Merrill Atack
Publisher:
Published: 1983
Total Pages: 156
ISBN-13:
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Publisher:
Published: 1993
Total Pages: 58
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Naim Mansour
Publisher:
Published: 2019
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
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Publisher:
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 28
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSpeech communication are seldom isolated auditory events in quiet environments. Frequently, the desired speech signal is confounded with other speech signals and noises. Real-world environments often degrade the intelligibility of the desired speech signal. In this book chapter (Binaural and Spatial Hearing in Real and Virtual Environments, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ, publishers, 1997), the literature on the speech intelligibility of competing messages and the masking of speech is reviewed. The literature on the detection of speech is included to describe factors that can affect speech intelligibility. Following the review, several experiments are presented in which the effects of various conflicting signals on speech communications are measured. Virtual audio over headphones is used to investigate the effects of directional separation of talkers, the quantity and gender of talkers, the degree of masker interaural correlation, masking level, and selective attention. The results are discussed and compared with the previous literature.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: 2018-11
Total Pages: 46
ISBN-13: 9781729434420
DOWNLOAD EBOOKActive Noise Reduction (ANR) is a new technology which can reduce the level of aircraft cockpit noise that reaches the pilot's ear while simultaneously improving the signal to noise ratio for voice communications and other information bearing sound signals in the cockpit. A miniature, ear-cup mounted ANR system was tested to determine whether speech intelligibility is better for helicopter pilots using ANR compared to a control condition of ANR turned off. Two signal to noise ratios (S/N), representative of actual cockpit conditions, were used for the ratio of the speech to cockpit noise sound pressure levels. Speech intelligibility was significantly better with ANR compared to no ANR for both S/N conditions. Variability of speech intelligibility among pilots was also significantly less with ANR. When the stock helmet was used with ANR turned off, the average PB Word speech intelligibility score was below the Normally Acceptable level. In comparison, it was above that level with ANR on in both S/N levels. Chan, Jeffrey W. and Simpson, Carol A. Unspecified Center NAS2-12425; NAS2-13188; RTOP 505-61-51...
Author: Joyce C. Munlin
Publisher:
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMilitary Command and Control (C2) requires easy access to information needed for the commander's situation assessment and direction of troops. Providing this information via synthetic speech is a viable alternative, but additional information is required before speech systems can be implemented for C2 functions. An experiment was conducted to study several factors which may affect the intelligibility of synthetic speech. The factors examined were: (1) speech rate; (2) synthetic speech messages presented at lower, the same, and higher frequencies than background noise frequency; (3) voice richness; and (4) interactions between speech rate, voice fundamental frequency, and voice richness. Response latency and recognition accuracy were measured. Results clearly indicate that increasing speech rate leads to an increase latency and a decrease in recognition accuracy, at least for the novice user. No effect of voice fundamental frequency or richness was demonstrated.