Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind

Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind

Author: Shira Elqayam

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-06-10

Total Pages: 287

ISBN-13: 1351620428

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David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.


Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 26, 2019. Special Issue: Social Neutrosophy in Latin America

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 26, 2019. Special Issue: Social Neutrosophy in Latin America

Author: Florentin Smarandache

Publisher: Infinite Study

Published:

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13:

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The Latin American Neutrosophic Science Association was created in 2018 as a result of the initiative of a group of university professors from Mexico and Ecuador. The Association has developed an intense work in the investigative context, expression of the capacity that neutrosophy has as a tool for understanding and transformation of reality in social benefit. Neutrosophic sets as a generalization fuzzy set (especially intuitionistic fuzzy sets), allows handling a greater number of situations that occur in reality and becomes a facilitator of the approach to the studied object without undermining its complex and multivariate essence. In this special edition, researchers from six Ecuadorian universities show the results of research projects addressing a wide range of topics related to the social environment of these Higher Education Institutions. The contents include law, criminology, public and administrative management, evaluation of pedagogical scenarios, prospective analysis, artificial intelligence, among other topics. They are many different texts with a common denominator, the social sciences, and their relationship with neutrosophy. The progress of these investigations originates a significant change in the ways of validating and reasoning the proposals, the appreciation of neutrality increases the interpretability and the inferential efficacy from the analysis of the results, which enunciates a methodological, perceptive and objective enrichment in the humanistic sciences in Latin American geographical region.


Beyond Two: Theory and Applications of Multiple-Valued Logic

Beyond Two: Theory and Applications of Multiple-Valued Logic

Author: Melvin Fitting

Publisher: Physica

Published: 2013-06-05

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 3790817694

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This volume represents the state of the art for much current research in many-valued logics. Primary researchers in the field are among the authors. Major methodological issues of many-valued logics are treated, as well as applications of many-valued logics to reasoning with fuzzy information. Areas covered include: Algebras of multiple valued logics and their applications, proof theory and automated deduction in multiple valued logics, fuzzy logics and their applications, and multiple valued logics for control theory and rational belief.


Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision

Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision

Author: Dov M. Gabbay

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 9401717354

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We are happy to present the first volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Uncertainty pervades the real world and must therefore be addressed by every system that attempts to represent reality. The representation of uncertainty is a ma jor concern of philosophers, logicians, artificial intelligence researchers and com puter sciencists, psychologists, statisticians, economists and engineers. The present Handbook volumes provide frontline coverage of this area. This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosoph ical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning. We hope it will answer the needs for adequate representations of uncertainty. This Handbook series grew out of the ESPRIT Basic Research Project DRUMS II, where the acronym is made out of the Handbook series title. This project was financially supported by the European Union and regroups 20 major European research teams working in the general domain of uncertainty. As a fringe benefit of the DRUMS project, the research community was able to create this Hand book series, relying on the DRUMS participants as the core of the authors for the Handbook together with external international experts.


Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author: Vladimir Lifschitz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004-02-12

Total Pages: 375

ISBN-13: 354020721X

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, LPNMR 2004, held in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA in January 2004. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 8 system descriptions were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation. Among the topics addressed are declarative logic programming, nonmonotonic reasoning, knowledge representation, combinatorial search, answer set programming, constraint programming, deduction in ontologies, and planning.


Fifty Years of Fuzzy Logic and its Applications

Fifty Years of Fuzzy Logic and its Applications

Author: Dan E. Tamir

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-05-23

Total Pages: 679

ISBN-13: 3319196839

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This book presents a comprehensive report on the evolution of Fuzzy Logic since its formulation in Lotfi Zadeh’s seminal paper on “fuzzy sets,” published in 1965. In addition, it features a stimulating sampling from the broad field of research and development inspired by Zadeh’s paper. The chapters, written by pioneers and prominent scholars in the field, show how fuzzy sets have been successfully applied to artificial intelligence, control theory, inference, and reasoning. The book also reports on theoretical issues; features recent applications of Fuzzy Logic in the fields of neural networks, clustering, data mining and software testing; and highlights an important paradigm shift caused by Fuzzy Logic in the area of uncertainty management. Conceived by the editors as an academic celebration of the fifty years’ anniversary of the 1965 paper, this work is a must-have for students and researchers willing to get an inspiring picture of the potentialities, limitations, achievements and accomplishments of Fuzzy Logic-based systems.


Imprecision and Uncertainty in Information Representation and Processing

Imprecision and Uncertainty in Information Representation and Processing

Author: Plamen Angelov

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-12-22

Total Pages: 405

ISBN-13: 3319263021

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The book offers a comprehensive and timely overview of advanced mathematical tools for both uncertainty analysis and modeling of parallel processes, with a special emphasis on intuitionistic fuzzy sets and generalized nets. The different chapters, written by active researchers in their respective areas, are structured to provide a coherent picture of this interdisciplinary yet still evolving field of science. They describe key tools and give practical insights into and research perspectives on the use of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets and logic, and generalized nets for describing and dealing with uncertainty in different areas of science, technology and business, in a single, to date unique book. Here, readers find theoretical chapters, dealing with intuitionistic fuzzy operators, membership functions and algorithms, among other topics, as well as application-oriented chapters, reporting on the implementation of methods and relevant case studies in management science, the IT industry, medicine and/or education. With this book, the editors wish to pay homage to Professor Krassimir Todorov Atanassov for his pioneering work on both generalized nets and intuitionistic fuzzy set.


Advances in Natural Deduction

Advances in Natural Deduction

Author: Luiz Carlos Pereira

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-07-08

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 9400775482

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This collection of papers, celebrating the contributions of Swedish logician Dag Prawitz to Proof Theory, has been assembled from those presented at the Natural Deduction conference organized in Rio de Janeiro to honour his seminal research. Dag Prawitz’s work forms the basis of intuitionistic type theory and his inversion principle constitutes the foundation of most modern accounts of proof-theoretic semantics in Logic, Linguistics and Theoretical Computer Science. The range of contributions includes material on the extension of natural deduction with higher-order rules, as opposed to higher-order connectives, and a paper discussing the application of natural deduction rules to dealing with equality in predicate calculus. The volume continues with a key chapter summarizing work on the extension of the Curry-Howard isomorphism (itself a by-product of the work on natural deduction), via methods of category theory that have been successfully applied to linear logic, as well as many other contributions from highly regarded authorities. With an illustrious group of contributors addressing a wealth of topics and applications, this volume is a valuable addition to the libraries of academics in the multiple disciplines whose development has been given added scope by the methodologies supplied by natural deduction. The volume is representative of the rich and varied directions that Prawitz work has inspired in the area of natural deduction.


Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author: Chitta Baral

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-04-27

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 3540721991

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, LPNMR 2007, held in Tempe, AZ, USA, May 2007. This conference encompasses theoretical studies, design and implementation of logic based programming languages and database systems, and development of experimental systems.


Entrepreneurial Action

Entrepreneurial Action

Author: Andrew C. Corbett

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2012-07-17

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 1780529015

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Volume 14 addresses the central issue of entrepreneurial action: while many factors are important to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship does not happen until someone takes action!