Some Adaptations of Marsh-Nesting Blackbirds. (MPB-14), Volume 14
Some Adaptations of Marsh-Nesting Blackbirds. (MPB-14), Volume 14

Author: Gordon H. Orians

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2020-03-31

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 0691209936

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The variety of social systems among the New World blackbirds (Family Icteridae) and the structural simplicity of their foraging environment provide excellent opportunities for testing theorics about the adaptive significance of their behavior. Here Gordon Orians presents the results of his many years of research on how blackbirds utilize their marsh environments during the breeding season. These results stem from information he gathered on three species during ten breeding seasons in the Pacific Northwest, on Red-winged blackbirds during two breeding seasons in Costa Rica, and on three species during one breeding season in Argentina. The author uses models derived from Darwin's theory of natural selection to predict the behavior and morphology of individuals as well as the statistical properties of their populations. First he tests models that predict habitat selection, foraging behavior, territoriality, and mate selection. Then he considers some population patterns, especially range of use of environmental resources and overlap among species, that may result from those individual attributes. Professor Orianns concludes with an overview of the structure of bird communities in marshes of the world and the relation of these patterns to overall source availability in these simple but productive habitats.

Porcupines
Porcupines

Author: Uldis Roze

Publisher: JHU Press

Published: 2012-12-01

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 1421407590

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Porcupines are prickly and often misunderstood creatures—get the facts. Could a porcupine make a good pet? Do they ever stick themselves or other porcupines with their quills? In this latest addition to the Animal Answer Guide series, we learn about these mysterious animals' "pincushion defense," along with the following facts: • Porcupines survive on a diet of leaves, bark, and fruit • Quills are actually modified hairs • There are 26 species of porcupines (and counting) • Old World and New World porcupines have a common ancestor but evolved independently • New World males will gather to fight ferociously over a single female Porcupines: The Animal Answer Guide presents solid, current science in the field of porcupine biology. Uldis Roze compares and contrasts porcupines in terms of body plan, behavior, ecology, reproduction, and evolutionary relationships. He examines the diversity of porcupines from around the world—from North and South America to Africa and Asia. This guide explores the interactions between humans and porcupines, including hunting, use of quills by aboriginal societies, efforts to poison porcupines, and human and pet injuries (and deaths) caused by porcupines. Roze also highlights the conservation issues that surround some porcupine species, such as the thin-spine porcupine of Brazil, which is so rare that it was thought to be extinct until its rediscovery in the 1980s.

Wildlife Ecotoxicology
Wildlife Ecotoxicology

Author: John E. Elliott

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-08-27

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 0387894322

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Many books have now been published in the broad field of environmental toxicology. However, to date, none of have presented the often fascinating stories of the wildlife science, and the steps along the way from discovery of problems caused by environmental pollutants to the regulatory and non-regulatory efforts to address the problems. This book provides case by case examinations of how toxic chemical effects on wildlife have brought about policy and regulatory decisions, and positive changes in environmental conditions. Wild animal stories, whether they are about the disappearance of charismatic top predators, or of grossly deformed embryos or frogs, provide powerful symbols that can and have captured the public's imagination and have resulted in increased awareness by decision makers. It is the intent of this book to present factual and balanced overviews and summaries of the science and the subsequent regulatory processes that followed to effect change (or not). We cover a variety of chemicals and topics beginning with an update of the classic California coastal DDT story of eggshell thinning and avian reproduction to more recent cases, such as the veterinarian pharmaceutical that has brought three species of Asian vultures to the brink of extinction. Researchers, regulators, educators, NGOs and the general public will find valuable insights into the processes and mechanisms involved both in environmental scientific investigation and in efforts to effect positive change.

The Biodiversity Atlas of British Columbia
The Biodiversity Atlas of British Columbia

Author: M. A. Austin

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13:

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With sixty descriptive maps and accompanying text, The Biodiversity Atlas of British Columbia provides a broad overview of the province?s range of terrestrial and freshwater biological diversity. Bringing together data from numerous sources summarized in map form, the Atlas provides a window to B.C.?s diverse ecosystems, the species that live in them, and the elements of British Columbia?s biodiversity that make it globally significant. The Atlas also presents a visual perspective of a number of human-induced threats, including climate change, affecting biodiversity in B.C. today. The Atlas is designed to serve as a companion document to Taking Nature?s Pulse: The Status of Biodiversity in British Columbia ? a comprehensive scientific assessment of biodiversity in the province. Both the Atlas and Taking Nature?s Pulse are projects of Biodiversity BC, a partnership of conservation groups and government agencies.

Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment
Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-02-03

Total Pages: 453

ISBN-13: 0309064198

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Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.

The Red-cockaded Woodpecker
The Red-cockaded Woodpecker

Author: Richard Conner

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 2010-06-28

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 0292789726

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Though small among its woodpecker relatives, the Red-cockaded Woodpecker poses a huge dilemma for its human neighbors. Uniquely adapted to live in the old-growth pine forests of the southeastern United States, the Red-cockaded Woodpecker has nearly disappeared as the forests have been cleared for agricultural, commercial, and residential uses over the last two centuries. Today, it waits at a crossroads. Scientific management practices could restore the woodpecker's habitat and population, but the imperative to convert old-growth forests to other uses remains. In this book, three of the leading experts on the Red-cockaded Woodpecker offer a comprehensive overview of all that is currently known about its biology and natural history and about the ecology of the fire-maintained forests it requires for survival. As the most visible endangered species in the Southeast, and the one whose conservation impacts the largest land area, the Red-cockaded Woodpecker holds a compelling interest not only for ornithologists, but also for wildlife managers, foresters, developers, environmentalists, and government officials. For all of these groups, this book will be the essential resource for learning more about the Red-cockaded Woodpecker and ensuring its survival.

Conservation Biology Principles for Forested Landscapes
Conservation Biology Principles for Forested Landscapes

Author: Joan Voller

Publisher: UBC Press

Published: 2011-11-01

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 0774842512

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This book is intended to provide information to those who wish to interact with the landbase in an ecologically sustainable manner. Practitioners charged with the administration of land-based programs in industry and government will find the information presented useful. It should also be a resource for many community groups involved in land-use decision-making. Humans continue to use forests and make decisions about land use without perfect information. Conservation Biology Principles for Forested Landscapes is intended to enable the improvement of planning and decison-making processes by providing ecological information on issues of forest use. Current approaches are not working. Where information exists on new, ecologically sustainable approaches, practitioners should switch. Where the information on a better approach is not yet available, practitioners should replace the current, inappropriate approach with a variety of flexible ones that offer the opportunity to change with new knowledge.