In this second edition of a best-selling handbook all the chapters have been completely revised and updated, while four completely new chapters have been added. In order to meet the needs of the practitioner, emphasis is placed on describing precisely the technology and know-how involved. Adopting a didactic and comprehensible approach, the book guides the reader through theory and applications, thus ensuring its warm welcome among the scientific community. An excellent, essential and exhaustive overview.
The demand for increasingly clean and efficient chemical syntheses is continuously becoming more urgent from both an economic and an environmental standpoint. So-called green technologies are looking for alternatives, yet they focus on large quantities of hazardous even toxic solvents. One could even say that the best solvent is no solvent. It is against this background that chemical synthesis without the use of solvents has increasingly developed into a powerful methodology. Once the chemical reactivity is increased, the amount of initial substances needed is reduced; in particular it removes the need for the complex recycling and disposal of solvents. In this book, the third in our open "Green Chemistry" series, Koichi Tanaka describes the latest developments in this exciting field. Packed with advice on applications, this will be equally useful to practitioners in research as well as process chemists in industry, such that it is sure to become an invaluable reference source.
In recent years the choice of a given solvent for performing a reaction has become increasingly important. More and more, selective reagents are used for chemical transformations and the choice of the solvent may be determining for reaching high reaction rates and high selectivities. The toxicity and recycling considerations have also greatly influenced the nature of the solvents used for industrial reactions. Thus, the development of reactions in water is not only important on the laboratory scale but also for industrial applications. The p- formance of metal-catalyzed reactions in water for example has led to several new hydrogenation or hydroformylation procedures with important industrial applications. The various aspects of organic chemistry in water will be prese- ed in this book. Recently, novel reaction media such as perfluorinated solvents or supercritical carbon dioxide has proven to have unique advantages leading to more practical and more efficient reactions. Especially with perfluorinated solvents, new biphasic catalyses and novel approaches to perform organic reactions have been developed. These aspects will be examined in detail in this volume. Finally, the performance of reactions in the absence of solvents will show practical alternatives for many reactions. More than ever before, the choice of the solvent or the solvent system is ess- tial for realizing many chemical transformations with the highest efficiency. This book tries to cover the more recent and important new solvents or solvent systems for both academic and industrial applications.
Written by highly renowned and experienced authors, this is the only reference on the application of solvents as reagents. Clearly structured, the text describes various methods for the activation and reaction of these small molecules, highlighting the synthetic opportunities as well as process-oriented advantages. To this end, all relevant types of solvents are covered separately and emphasized with numerous synthetic examples, while taking care to explain applications so as to avoid undesired side reactions. The result is a unique resource for every synthetic chemist and reaction engineer in industry and academia working on the methodical optimization of synthetic transformations.
Explaining methods for carrying out chemical syntheses without the use of catalysts, this book shows how avoiding catalysts during synthesis can mean less use of toxic chemicals, environmentally damaging chemicals, or endangered elements, and lower costs.
Biphasic Chemistry and The Solvent Case examines recent improvements in reaction conditions, in order to affirm the role of chemistry in the sustainable field. This book shows that those who work within the chemistry industry support limits for the use of toxic or flammable solvents, since it reduces the purifications to simple filtrations. Thanks to commercial scavengers, solid phase syntheses are now available to all. Fluorine biphasic catalysis enables extremely efficient catalyst recycling and has a high applicability potential at the industrial level. This book also reviews the many studies that have shown that water is a solvent of choice for most synthetic reactions. Particular traits can be obtained and the effects on thermodynamics make it possible to operate at lower temperatures, thereby achieving energy savings. Finally the great diversity of application of the reactions without solvents is illustrated.
In most cases, every chemist must deal with solvent effects, whether voluntarily or otherwise. Since its publication, this has been the standard reference on all topics related to solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. Christian Reichardt provides reliable information on the subject, allowing chemists to understand and effectively use these phenomena. 3rd updated and enlarged edition of a classic 35% more contents excellent, proven concept includes current developments, such as ionic liquids indispensable in research and industry From the reviews of the second edition: "...This is an immensely useful book, and the source that I would turn to first when seeking virtually any information about solvent effects." —Organometallics
The principles of Green Chemistry aim to improve the sustainability of chemical processes and reduce the generation of hazardous substances. There has been great growth in the field over the past few years and the number of research groups working in this area is still increasing. Now one of the biggest challenges is to embed the Green Chemistry ideals of safety and sustainability as standard, both in industry and academia. In order to do this, it is important to create resources that detail different applications and approaches. Green Synthetic Processes and Procedures brings together expert contributors from across a number of areas of green synthesis to cover a diverse array of subjects. Providing a thorough overview of the current green synthetic toolbox, from biocatalysis to sonochemistry, this book is a useful resource for any chemist wishing to design cleaner and safer processes.
We believe this to be the first monograph devoted to the physicochemical properties of solutions in organic solvent systems. Although there have 1 been a number of books on the subject of non-aqueous solvents - 4, they have been devoted, almost entirely, to inorganic solvents such as liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, etc. A variety of new solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylsulphoxide and propylene carbonate have become commercially available over the last twenty years. Solutions in these solvents are of technological interest in connection with novel battery systems and chemical synthesis, while studies of ion solvation and transport properties have fostered academic interest. This monograph is primarily concerned with electrolytic solutions although discussion of non-electrolyte solutions has not been excluded. We have deliberately omitted consideration of the important area of solvent extraction, since this has been adequately covered elsewhere. Our contributors were asked to review and discuss their respective areas with particular reference to differences in technique necessitated by use of non-aqueous solvents while not reiterating facts well-known from experience with aqueous solutions. We have striven to build their contributions into a coherent and consistent whole. We thank our con tributors for following our suggestions so ably and for their forebearance in the face of our editorial impositions.
Recent years have seen huge growth in the area of sustainable chemistry. In order to meet the chemical needs of the global population whilst minimising impacts on health and the environment it is essential to keep reconsidering and improving synthetic processes. Sustainable Organic Synthesis is a comprehensive collection of contributions, provided by specialists in Green Chemistry, covering topics ranging from catalytic approaches to benign and alternative reaction media, and innovative and more efficient technologies.
