Risk-Based Waste Classification in California
Risk-Based Waste Classification in California

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1999-08-14

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 0309065445

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The Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) of the State of California Environmental Protection Agency is in the process of complying with the Regulatory Structure Update. The Regulatory Structure Update is a comprehensive review and refocusing of California's system for identifying and regulating management of hazardous wastes. As part of this effort, the DTSC proposes to change its current waste classification system that categorizes wastes as hazardous or nonhazardous based on their toxicity. Under the proposed system there would be two risk-based thresholds rather than the single toxicity threshold currently used to distinguish between the wastes. Wastes that contain specific chemicals at concentrations that exceed the upper threshold will be designated as hazardous; those below the lower threshold will be nonhazardous; and those with chemical concentrations between the two thresholds will be "special" wastes and subject to variances for management and disposal. The proposed DTSC system combines toxicity information with short or long-term exposure information to determine the risks associated with the chemicals. Under section 57004 of the California Health and Safety Code, the scientific basis of the proposed waste classification system is subject to external scientific peer review by the National Academy of Sciences, the University of California, or other similar institution of higher learning or group of scientists. This report addresses that regulatory requirement.

Waste Incineration and Public Health
Waste Incineration and Public Health

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-10-21

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 030906371X

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Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.

Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers
Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-09-22

Total Pages: 135

ISBN-13: 0309108098

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President Carter's 1980 declaration of a state of emergency at Love Canal, New York, recognized that residents' health had been affected by nearby chemical waste sites. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enacted in 1976, ushered in a new era of waste management disposal designed to protect the public from harm. It required that modern waste containment systems use "engineered" barriers designed to isolate hazardous and toxic wastes and prevent them from seeping into the environment. These containment systems are now employed at thousands of waste sites around the United States, and their effectiveness must be continually monitored. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers assesses the performance of waste containment barriers to date. Existing data suggest that waste containment systems with liners and covers, when constructed and maintained in accordance with current regulations, are performing well thus far. However, they have not been in existence long enough to assess long-term (postclosure) performance, which may extend for hundreds of years. The book makes recommendations on how to improve future assessments and increase confidence in predictions of barrier system performance which will be of interest to policy makers, environmental interest groups, industrial waste producers, and industrial waste management industry.

Guidelines for the Implementation of MARPOL
Guidelines for the Implementation of MARPOL

Author: International Maritime Organization

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 76

ISBN-13:

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The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of IMO, at its sixty-second session in July 2011, adopted the Revised MARPOL Annex V, concerning Regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships, which enters into force on 1 January 2013. The associated guidelines which assist States and industry in the implementation of MARPOL Annex V have been reviewed and updated and two Guidelines were adopted in March 2012 at MEPC's sixty-third session. The 2012 edition of this publication contains: the 2012 Guidelines for the implementation of MARPOL Annex V (resolution MEPC.219(63)); the 2012 Guidelines for the development of garbage management plans (resolution MEPC.220(63)); and the Revised MARPOL Annex V (resolution MEPC.201(62)).

Decision-Maker's Guide to Solid-Waste Management
Decision-Maker's Guide to Solid-Waste Management

Author: Philip R. O'Leary

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 1999-02

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 0788176048

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This Guide has been developed particularly for solid waste management practitioners, such as local government officials, facility owners and operators, consultants, and regulatory agency specialists. Contains technical and economic information to help these practitioners meet the daily challenges of planning, managing, and operating municipal solid waste (MSW) programs and facilities. The Guide's primary goals are to encourage reduction of waste at the source and to foster implementation of integrated solid waste management systems that are cost-effective and protect human health and the environment. Illustrated.

Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management
Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management

Author: Rama Rao Karri

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2021-07-24

Total Pages: 524

ISBN-13: 0323859305

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Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management is a thorough guide to computational solutions for researchers working in solid waste and wastewater management operations. This book covers in-depth analysis of process variables, their effects on overall efficiencies, and optimal conditions and procedures to improve performance using soft computing techniques. These topics coupled with the systematic analyses described will help readers understand various techniques that can be effectively used to achieve the highest performance. In-depth case studies along with discussions on applications of various soft-computing techniques help readers control waste processes and come up with short-term, mid-term and long-term strategies. Waste management is an increasingly important field due to rapidly increasing levels of waste production around the world. Numerous potential solutions for reducing waste production are underway, including applications of machine learning and computational studies on waste management processes. This book details the diverse approaches and techniques in these fields, providing a single source of information researchers and industry practitioners. It is ideal for academics, researchers and engineers in waste management, environmental science, environmental engineering and computing, with relation to environmental science and waste management. - Provides a comprehensive reference on the implementation of soft computing techniques in waste management, drawing together current research and future implications - Includes detailed algorithms used, enabling authors to understand and appreciate potential applications - Presents relevant case studies in solid and wastewater management that show real-world applications of discussed technologies

Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches
Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches

Author: Mohammad Taherzadeh

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2019-07-18

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 0444642838

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Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches covers waste reduction, biological, thermal and recycling methods of waste recovery, and their conversion into a variety of products. In addition, the social, economic and environmental aspects are also explored, making this a useful textbook for environmental courses and a reference book for both universities and companies. - Provides a novel approach on how to achieve zero wastes in a society - Shows the roadmap on achieving Sustainable Development Goals - Considers critical aspects of municipal waste management - Covers recent developments in waste biorefinery, thermal processes, anaerobic digestion, material recycling and landfill mining