Introduction to Crystal Growth and Characterization
Introduction to Crystal Growth and Characterization

Author: Klaus-Werner Benz

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-07-28

Total Pages: 559

ISBN-13: 3527684344

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This new textbook provides for the first time a comprehensive treatment of the basics of contemporary crystallography and crystal growth in a single volume. The reader will be familiarized with the concepts for the description of morphological and structural symmetry of crystals. The architecture of crystal structures of selected inorganic and molecular crystals is illustrated. The main crystallographic databases as data sources of crystal structures are described. Nucleation processes, their kinetics and main growth mechanism will be introduced in fundamentals of crystal growth. Some phase diagrams in the solid and liquid phases in correlation with the segregation of dopants are treated on a macro- and microscale. Fluid dynamic aspects with different types of convection in melts and solutions are discussed. Various growth techniques for semiconducting materials in connection with the use of external field (magnetic fields and microgravity) are described. Crystal characterization as the overall assessment of the grown crystal is treated in detail with respect to - crystal defects - crystal quality - field of application Introduction to Crystal Growth and Characterization is an ideal textbook written in a form readily accessible to undergraduate and graduate students of crystallography, physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering. It is also a valuable resource for all scientists concerned with crystal growth and materials engineering.

Crystal Growth Technology
Crystal Growth Technology

Author: K. Byrappa

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2003-04-17

Total Pages: 618

ISBN-13: 9783540003670

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Crystals are the unacknowledged pillars of modern technology. The modern technological developments depend greatly on the availability of suitable single crystals, whether it is for lasers, semiconductors, magnetic devices, optical devices, superconductors, telecommunication, etc. In spite of great technological advancements in the recent years, we are still in the early stage with respect to the growth of several important crystals such as diamond, silicon carbide, PZT, gallium nitride, and so on. Unless the science of growing these crystals is understood precisely, it is impossible to grow them as large single crystals to be applied in modern industry. This book deals with almost all the modern crystal growth techniques that have been adopted, including appropriate case studies. Since there has been no other book published to cover the subject after the Handbook of Crystal Growth, Eds. DTJ Hurle, published during 1993-1995, this book will fill the existing gap for its readers. The book begins with "Growth Histories of Mineral Crystals" by the most senior expert in this field, Professor Ichiro Sunagawa. The next chapter reviews recent developments in the theory of crystal growth, which is equally important before moving on to actual techniques. After the first two fundamental chapters, the book covers other topics like the recent progress in quartz growth, diamond growth, silicon carbide single crystals, PZT crystals, nonlinear optical crystals, solid state laser crystals, gemstones, high melting oxides like lithium niobates, hydroxyapatite, GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy, superconducting crystals, morphology control, and more. For the first time, the crystal growth modeling has been discussed in detail with reference to PZT and SiC crystals.

Fundamentals of Crystal Growth I
Fundamentals of Crystal Growth I

Author: Franz E. Rosenberger

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 544

ISBN-13: 3642812759

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The intrinsic properties of a solid, i. e. , the properties that result from its specific structure, can be largely modified by crystallographic and chem ical defects. The formation of these defects is governed by the heat and mass transfer conditions which prevail on and near a crystal-nutrient in terface during crystallization. Hence, both the growth of highly perfect crystals and the preparation of samples having predetermined defect-induced (extrinsic) properties require a thorough understanding of the reaction and transport mechanisms that govern crystallization from vapors, solutions and melts. Crystal growth, as a science, is therefore mostly concerned with the chemistry and physics of heat and mass transport in these fluid-solid phase transitions. Solid-solid transitions are, at this time, not widely employed for high quality single-crystal production. Transport concepts are largely built upon equilibrium considerations, i. e. , on thermodynamic and phase equilibrium concepts. Hence to supply a "workable" foundation for the succeeding discussions, this text begins in Chapter 2 with a concise treatment of thermodynamics which emphasizes applications to mate rials preparation. After working through this chapter, the reader should feel at ease with often (particularly among physicists) unfamiliar entities such as chemical potentials, fugacities, activities. etc. Special sections on ther mochemical calculations (and their pitfalls) and compilations of thermochemi cal data conclude the second chapter. Crystal growth can be called. in a wide sense, the science and technology of controlling phase transitions that lead to (single crystalline) solids.

Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context
Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context

Author: Amal Ali Elkordy

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2013-01-23

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 9535109472

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Calorimetry, as a technique for thermal analysis, has a wide range of applications which are not only limited to studying the thermal characterisation (e.g. melting temperature, denaturation temperature and enthalpy change) of small and large drug molecules, but are also extended to characterisation of fuel, metals and oils. Differential Scanning Calorimetry is used to study the thermal behaviours of drug molecules and excipients by measuring the differential heat flow needed to maintain the temperature difference between the sample and reference cells equal to zero upon heating at a controlled programmed rate. Microcalorimetry is used to study the thermal transition and folding of biological macromolecules in dilute solutions. Microcalorimetry is applied in formulation and stabilisation of therapeutic proteins. This book presents research from all over the world on the applications of calorimetry on both solid and liquid states of materials.

Handbook of Industrial Crystallization
Handbook of Industrial Crystallization

Author: Allan Myerson

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2002-01-08

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 0080533515

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Crystallization is an important separation and purification process used in industries ranging from bulk commodity chemicals to specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, a number of environmental applications have also come to rely on crystallization in waste treatment and recycling processes.The authors provide an introduction to the field of newcomers and a reference to those involved in the various aspects of industrial crystallization. It is a complete volume covering all aspects of industrial crystallization, including material related to both fundamentals and applications. This new edition presents detailed material on crystallization of biomolecules, precipitation, impurity-crystal interactions, solubility, and design.Provides an ideal introduction for industrial crystallization newcomers Serves as a worthwhile reference to anyone involved in the fieldCovers all aspects of industrial crystallization in a single, complete volume

Research on Crystal Growth and Characterization at the National Bureau of Standards January to June 1964
Research on Crystal Growth and Characterization at the National Bureau of Standards January to June 1964

Author: Howard F. McMurdie

Publisher:

Published: 1964

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13:

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A wide program of studies involving crystalline materials includes investigation of methods and theory of growth, study of detection and effects of defects, determination of physical properties, refinement of ch * emical analysis, and determination of stability relations and atomic structure.The types of materials range from organic compounds, through metals, and inorganic salts to refractory oxides.(Author).

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions
Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions

Author: Michael Binnewies

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2012-08-31

Total Pages: 644

ISBN-13: 3110254654

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This comprehensive handbook covers the diverse aspects of chemical vapor transport reactions from basic research to important practical applications. The book begins with an overview of models for chemical vapor transport reactions and then proceeds to treat the specific chemical transport reactions for the elements, halides, oxides, sulfides, selenides, tellurides, pnictides, among others. Aspects of transport from intermetallic phases, the stability of gas particles, thermodynamic data, modeling software and laboratory techniques are also covered. Selected experiments using chemical vapor transport reactions round out the work, making this book a useful reference for researchers and instructors in solid state and inorganic chemistry.

Research on Crystal Growth and Characterization at the National Bureau of Standards During the Period January to June 1963
Research on Crystal Growth and Characterization at the National Bureau of Standards During the Period January to June 1963

Author: Herbert Steffen Peiser

Publisher:

Published: 1963

Total Pages: 52

ISBN-13:

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The National Bureau of Standards is continuing diverse research projects on the growth and characterization of crystals.This note summarizes the individual NBS activities in this and closely related fie lds during January to July 1963. Lists of NBS publications appertaining to that period and of participating NBS scientists are appended.(Author).

Zeolites and Catalysis
Zeolites and Catalysis

Author: Jiri Cejka

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2010-05-27

Total Pages: 918

ISBN-13: 9783527630301

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This indispensable two-volume handbook covers everything on this hot research field. The first part deals with the synthesis, modification, characterization and application of catalytic active zeolites, while the second focuses on such reaction types as cracking, hydrocracking, isomerization, reforming and other industrially important topics. Edited by a highly experienced and internationally renowned team with chapters written by the "Who's Who" of zeolite research.