Solid Metal Induced Embrittlement of Metals
Solid Metal Induced Embrittlement of Metals

Author: M. H. Kamdar

Publisher:

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Many ductile metals in intimate contact with thin coatings of low melting solid metal which exhibit liquid metal embrittlement, also manifest severe embrittlement when tested at temperatures below the melting point of the coating. A significant decrease in stress, strain, and reduction-in-area occurs at fracture. Fracture propagates fast, but at a rate which is one or two orders of magnitude slower than that in liquid metal environments. Fracture occurs by brittle intergranular or transcrystalline mode with multiple cracks and branching. This new phenomena is known as solid metal induced embrittlement of metals (SMIE). SMIE also occurs when the embrittling metal is present as an internal environment in the base metal such as inclusions. This report describes the occurrence of SMIE in metals and alloys used in industry and presents results of recent investigations. It describes the effects of time, temperature, and stress on SMIE. It discusses the occurrence, the mechanisms of SMIE, and its similarity to LME. This new phenomena must be considered while investigating environmentally induced failure of failure analysis of metals and alloys.

Metal Induced Embrittlement. Annual Report, [March 1, 1987--February 29, 1988].
Metal Induced Embrittlement. Annual Report, [March 1, 1987--February 29, 1988].

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 5

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This program is investigating the causes of embrittlement that occur in certain solid metals when exposed to liquid metals. The degree of embrittlement varies enormously among different solid/liquid pairs as witness, for example, the modest loss of load carrying, ability induced in carbon steels by Pb or the profound embrittlment of aluminum (particularly high strength) alloys by Hg and Ga. The structure of this study involves two types of activities: an experimental fracture mechanics study of the behavior of certain solid metals in liquid metals, and a theoretical study on an atomic scale of the crack tip deformation and extension behavior by means of atomistic simulation. This research, which began March 1, 1987, has completed its 20 month. A brief synopsis is given of performance in each of the areas of activity during the past year.

The Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation in Metal-Induced Embrittlement of Metals. Part I. Delayed Failure in the Embrittlement of 4140 Steel by Indium
The Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation in Metal-Induced Embrittlement of Metals. Part I. Delayed Failure in the Embrittlement of 4140 Steel by Indium

Author: Paul Gordon

Publisher:

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 37

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Metal-induced embrittlement (MIE) of 4140 steel by indium has been studied using delayed failure tensile tests. The temperature and stress dependence of the kinetics of crack initiation and crack propagation in both liquid metal-induced and solid metal-induced cracking have been examined in the same system for the first time in MIE. This was done using electrical potential-drop measurements along the indium-covered portion of the sample gage length to record the start and progress of cracking, and also through fractographic observations. In Part I of the report on this work, the experimental results are presented and their implications with regard to crack propagation are discussed. In Part II, various mechanisms proposed in the literature for crack initiation are evaluated in the light of the experimental results and other known characteristics of MIE, and a new mechanism is proposed which, it is believed, synthesizes and rationalizes the available evidence best. (Author).

Liquid and Solid Metal Embrittlement
Liquid and Solid Metal Embrittlement

Author: Norman S. Stoloff

Publisher:

Published: 1981

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The recent literature on embrittlement induced by solid or liquid metal environments is critically reviewed. Evidence in support of an enhanced shear model of embrittlement is provided for amorphous metals, while decohesion is shown to be a viable concept for crystalline metals. The usefulness of the concept of specificity of embrittlement is questioned on the basis of evidence for new embrittlement couples as the range of experimental conditions is varied. In particular, strain rate and temperture are shown to have extremely important effects on the degree of embrittlement. (Author).

The Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation in Metal-Induced Embrittlement of Metals. Part II. Theoretical Aspects of Crack Initiation
The Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation in Metal-Induced Embrittlement of Metals. Part II. Theoretical Aspects of Crack Initiation

Author: Paul Gordon

Publisher:

Published: 1981

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Metal-induced embrittlement (MIE) of 4140 steel by indium has been studied using delayed failure tensile tests. The temperature and stress dependence of the kinetics of crack initiation and crack propagation in both liquid metal-induced and solid metal-induced cracking have been examined in the same system for the first time in MIE. This was done using electrical potential-drop measurements along the indium-covered portion of the sample gage length to record the start and progress of cracking, and also through fractographic observations. In Part I of the report on this work, the experimental results are presented and their implications with regard to crack propagation are discussed. In Part II, various mechanisms proposed in the literature for crack initiation are evaluated in the light of the experimental results and other known characteristics of MIE. (Author).

Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies
Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies

Author: Richard P Gangloff

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-01-19

Total Pages: 521

ISBN-13: 0857095374

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies. Volume 2 is divided into three parts, part one looks at the mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metals including chapters on the adsorption and trap-sensitive diffusion of hydrogen and its impact on deformation and fracture processes. Part two investigates modern methods of modelling hydrogen damage so as to predict material-cracking properties. The book ends with suggested future directions in science and engineering to manage the hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 2 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation. Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure Chapters review mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement including absorption, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in metals Analyses ways of modelling hydrogen-induced damage and assessing service life

Atomistics of Fracture
Atomistics of Fracture

Author: R.M. Latanison

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 1043

ISBN-13: 1461335000

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

It is now more than 100 years since certain detrimental effects on the ductility of iron were first associated with the presence of hydrogen. Not only is hydrogen embrittlement still a major industri al problem, but it is safe to say that in a mechanistic sense we still do not know what hydrogen (but not nitrogen or oxygen, for example) does on an atomic scale to induce this degradation. The same applies to other examples of environmentally-induced fracture: what is it about the ubiquitous chloride ion that induces premature catastrophic fracture (stress corrosion cracking) of ordinarily ductile austenitic stainless steels? Why, moreover, are halide ions troublesome but the nitrate or sulfate anions not deleterious to such stainless steels? Likewise, why are some solid metals embrit tled catastrophically by same liquid metals (liquid metal embrit tlement) - copper and aluminum, for example, are embrittled by liquid mercury. In short, despite all that we may know about the materials science and mechanics of fracture on a macroscopic scale, we know little about the atomistics of fracture in the absence of environmental interactions and even less when embrittlement phe nomena such as those described above are involved. On the other hand, it is interesting to note that physical chemists and surface chemists also have interests in the same kinds of interactions that occur on an atomic scale when metals such as nickel or platinum are used, for example, as catalysts for chemical reactions.