Maternalism Reconsidered
Maternalism Reconsidered

Author: Marian van der Klein

Publisher: Berghahn Books

Published: 2012-04-01

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 0857454676

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Beginning in the late 19th century, competing ideas about motherhood had a profound impact on the development and implementation of social welfare policies. Calls for programmes aimed at assisting and directing mothers emanated from all quarters of the globe, advanced by states and voluntary organizations, liberals and conservatives, feminists and anti-feminists – a phenomenon that scholars have since termed ‘maternalism’. This volume reassesses maternalism by providing critical reflections on prior usages of the concept, and by expanding its meaning to encompass geographical areas, political regimes and cultural concerns that scholars have rarely addressed. From Argentina, Brazil and Mexico City to France, Italy, the Netherlands, the Soviet Ukraine, the United States and Canada, these case studies offer fresh theoretical and historical perspectives within a transnational and comparative framework. As a whole, the volume demonstrates how maternalist ideologies have been employed by state actors, reformers and poor clients, with myriad political and social ramifications.

Poverty Knowledge
Poverty Knowledge

Author: Alice O'Connor

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2009-01-10

Total Pages: 391

ISBN-13: 1400824745

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Progressive-era "poverty warriors" cast poverty in America as a problem of unemployment, low wages, labor exploitation, and political disfranchisement. In the 1990s, policy specialists made "dependency" the issue and crafted incentives to get people off welfare. Poverty Knowledge gives the first comprehensive historical account of the thinking behind these very different views of "the poverty problem," in a century-spanning inquiry into the politics, institutions, ideologies, and social science that shaped poverty research and policy. Alice O'Connor chronicles a transformation in the study of poverty, from a reform-minded inquiry into the political economy of industrial capitalism to a detached, highly technical analysis of the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the poor. Along the way, she uncovers the origins of several controversial concepts, including the "culture of poverty" and the "underclass." She shows how such notions emerged not only from trends within the social sciences, but from the central preoccupations of twentieth-century American liberalism: economic growth, the Cold War against communism, the changing fortunes of the welfare state, and the enduring racial divide. The book details important changes in the politics and organization as well as the substance of poverty knowledge. Tracing the genesis of a still-thriving poverty research industry from its roots in the War on Poverty, it demonstrates how research agendas were subsequently influenced by an emerging obsession with welfare reform. Over the course of the twentieth century, O'Connor shows, the study of poverty became more about altering individual behavior and less about addressing structural inequality. The consequences of this steady narrowing of focus came to the fore in the 1990s, when the nation's leading poverty experts helped to end "welfare as we know it." O'Connor shows just how far they had traveled from their field's original aims.

America’s Struggle against Poverty in the Twentieth Century
America’s Struggle against Poverty in the Twentieth Century

Author: James T. Patterson

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2009-07-01

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 0674041941

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This new edition of Patterson's widely used book carries the story of battles over poverty and social welfare through what the author calls the "amazing 1990s," those years of extraordinary performance of the economy. He explores a range of issues arising from the economic phenomenon--increasing inequality and demands for use of an improved poverty definition. He focuses the story on the impact of the highly controversial welfare reform of 1996, passed by a Republican Congress and signed by a Democratic President Clinton, despite the laments of anguished liberals.

The Twentieth-century Welfare State
The Twentieth-century Welfare State

Author: David Gladstone

Publisher: Palgrave MacMillan

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13:

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The welfare state has been one of the most significant developments in 20th-century Britain. Drawing on recent research, this volume narrates its principal changes and provides a thematic historical introduction.

Social Theory in the Twentieth Century
Social Theory in the Twentieth Century

Author: Patrick Baert

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 1998-08

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 0814713394

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Intended for students of sociology, politics, anthropology and philosophy, this book serves as a general introduction to the development of social theory, outlining key figures and schools of thought including Elster, Giddens, Foucault and Habermas. Baert (social and political sciences, Cambridge) does not just objectively present these theories, but offers a critical response. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Latin American Social Policy Developments in the Twenty-First Century
Latin American Social Policy Developments in the Twenty-First Century

Author: Natália Sátyro

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-02-12

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 3030612708

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This book explores the scope of reforms and changes in the social protection systems in Latin America that have started at the beginning of the 21st century. It describes how and to what extent changes in social protection systems and social policies have occurred in the region in recent decades. Taking a comparative approach, the volume identifies the triggers for the transformations and how such pressures are received by the welfare regime, or a specific policy sector, to finally yield a given type of reform. The analysis is characterized by the presence of certain factors that explain the development of social protection systems in Latin America, such as economic growth, the consolidation of democratic political regimes, and the region’s Left Turns. The book also examines to what extent common challenges and processes induced by international institutions have led to convergence among countries or welfare regimes, or whether each maintains its own identity.

Social Policy Expansion in Latin America
Social Policy Expansion in Latin America

Author: Candelaria Garay

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-12-29

Total Pages: 411

ISBN-13: 1108107974

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Throughout the twentieth century, much of the population in Latin America lacked access to social protection. Since the 1990s, however, social policy for millions of outsiders - rural, informal, and unemployed workers and dependents - has been expanded dramatically. Social Policy Expansion in Latin America shows that the critical factors driving expansion are electoral competition for the vote of outsiders and social mobilization for policy change. The balance of partisan power and the involvement of social movements in policy design explain cross-national variation in policy models, in terms of benefit levels, coverage, and civil society participation in implementation. The book draws on in-depth case studies of policy making in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico over several administrations and across three policy areas: health care, pensions, and income support. Secondary case studies illustrate how the theory applies to other developing countries.

Maternity and Gender Policies
Maternity and Gender Policies

Author: Gisela Bock

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 0415047749

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This important collection is the first to analyse the influence of women's movements on the emergence of Europe's welfare state from the 1880s to the 1950s and the limits of that influence. It compares the women's movements and social policies concerning women in the dictatorships of Italy, Germany and Spain with the democracies in Britain, France and Scandinavia and throws new light on feminism, especially in the inter-war period, making a significant contribution to women's studies.