El Salvador
El Salvador

Author: Salvador Nunez

Publisher: Xlibris Corporation

Published: 2021-05-25

Total Pages: 431

ISBN-13: 1664105344

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Why El Salvador - Hidden Truths? In writing this book, I propose to explore these Salvadoran histories, pages hidden in dust which we have been denied by the economic power and its Governments since the time of the Spanish Invasion. We have systematically been denied the truth of this history, which is part of our being as the original peoples, which belongs to us, to our identity. We have been robbed and badly treated for more than 528 years; which has caused trauma and suffering across our lives. And so I undertook to look beneath the debris of the past with its enigmas to find the truth in our past history from our ancestors, colonization, independence, the first peoples uprisings, genocide and ethnocide against our ancestors. As well as crimes against humanity. The role of the Catholic Church, in the colonisation and imposition of Christianity and its Holy Inquisition. I also want you to be prepared, because in this book you will encounter many surprises and facts which are going to collide with your beliefs and notions of being human. I am not talking about to be Christians, because that is much deeper. But of the cruelty of the Spanish conquerors, with the lies and falsehoods with which the Salvadorans have been educated. Honour and Glory brothers and sisters: Nahuas, Maya, Lencas Chortis, Pocomames, Xincas, Kakawiras, Chorotegas and Izalcos who offered their blood for us and future generations. This Lent without resurrection to which our ancestors were subjected to, began with the Spanish Invasion and has continued till this day in 2020. What you will find in the following pages, are not sweet nor cheap announcements from the Salvadoran power base, in its communication mediums: Newspaper, Television, digital media and many other lying media. For the first time, there are voices of our ancestors in the presence of our current generations- the grandfathers and grandmothers, the young and their actual leaders.

Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volumes 10 and 11
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volumes 10 and 11

Author: Robert Wauchope

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 2015-05-28

Total Pages: 947

ISBN-13: 1477306757

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Volumes 10 and 11 describe the pre-Aztec and Aztec cultures of Mexico, from central Veracruz and the Gulf Coast, through the Valley of Mexico, to western Mexico and the northern frontiers of these ancient American civilizations.

Historia Patria
Historia Patria

Author: Carolyn P. Boyd

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2020-12-08

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 0691222037

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Beginning with the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1875 and ending with the death of General Francisco Franco in 1975, this book explores the intersection of education and nationalism in Spain. Based on a broad range of archival and published sources, including parliamentary and ministerial records, pedagogical treatises and journals, teachers' manuals, memoirs, and a sample of over two hundred primary and secondary school textbooks, the study examines ideological and political conflict among groups of elites seeking to shape popular understanding of national history and identity through the schools, both public and private. A burgeoning literature on European nationalisms has posited that educational systems in general, and an instrumentalized version of national history in particular, have contributed decisively to the articulation and transmission of nationalist ideologies. The Spanish case reveals a different dynamic. In Spain, a chronically weak state, a divided and largely undemocratic political class, and an increasingly polarized social and political climate impeded the construction of an effective system of national education and the emergence of a consensus on the shape and meaning of the Spanish national past. This in turn contributed to one of the most striking features of modern Spanish political and cultural life--the absence of a strong sense of Spanish, as opposed to local or regional, identity. Scholars with interests in modern European cultural politics, processes of state consolidation, nationalism, and the history of education will find this book essential reading.

Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 16
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 16

Author: Margaret A.L. Harrison

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 1976-03-01

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 1477306897

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The publication of Volume 16 of this distinguished series brings to a close one of the largest research and documentation projects ever undertaken on the Middle American Indians. Since the publication of Volume 1 in 1964, the Handbook of Middle American Indians has provided the most complete information on every aspect of indigenous culture, including natural environment, archaeology, linguistics, social anthropology, physical anthropology, ethnology, and ethnohistory. Culminating this massive project is Volume 16, divided into two parts. Part I, Sources Cited, by Margaret A. L. Harrison, is a listing in alphabetical order of all the bibliographical entries cited in Volumes 1-11. (Volumes 12-15, comprising the Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, have not been included, because they stand apart in subject matter and contain or constitute independent bibliographical material.) Part II, Location of Artifacts Illustrated, by Marjorie S. Zengel, details the location (at the time of original publication) of the owner of each pre-Columbian American artifact illustrated in Volumes 1-11 of the Handbook, as well as the size and the catalog, accession, and/or inventory number that the owner assigns to the object. The two parts of Volume 16 provide a convenient and useful reference to material found in the earlier volumes. The Handbook of Middle American Indians was assembled and edited at the Middle American Research Institute of Tulane University with the assistance of grants from the National Science Foundation and under the sponsorship of the National Research Council Committee on Latin American Anthropology.

Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 16
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 16

Author: Robert Wauchope

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 2014-01-07

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 1477306919

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The publication of Volume 16 of this distinguished series brings to a close one of the largest research and documentation projects ever undertaken on the Middle American Indians. Since the publication of Volume 1 in 1964, the Handbook of Middle American Indians has provided the most complete information on every aspect of indigenous culture, including natural environment, archaeology, linguistics, social anthropology, physical anthropology, ethnology, and ethnohistory. Culminating this massive project is Volume 16, divided into two parts. Part I, Sources Cited, by Margaret A. L. Harrison, is a listing in alphabetical order of all the bibliographical entries cited in Volumes 1-11. (Volumes 12-15, comprising the Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, have not been included, because they stand apart in subject matter and contain or constitute independent bibliographical material.) Part II, Location of Artifacts Illustrated, by Marjorie S. Zengel, details the location (at the time of original publication) of the owner of each pre-Columbian American artifact illustrated in Volumes 1-11 of the Handbook, as well as the size and the catalog, accession, and/or inventory number that the owner assigns to the object. The two parts of Volume 16 provide a convenient and useful reference to material found in the earlier volumes. The Handbook of Middle American Indians was assembled and edited at the Middle American Research Institute of Tulane University with the assistance of grants from the National Science Foundation and under the sponsorship of the National Research Council Committee on Latin American Anthropology.

The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule

Author: Charles Gibson

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 1964

Total Pages: 690

ISBN-13: 9780804701969

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Here is the complete history of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, one of the two most important religious groups in the Spanish empire in America, from the Conquest to Independence in the early nineteenth century. Based upon ten years of research, this study focuses on the effect if Spanish institutions on Indian life at the local level.

La historia cultural
La historia cultural

Author: Philippe Poirrier

Publisher: Universitat de València

Published: 2015-05-16

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 8437089492

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Desde hace dos o tres décadas la historia cultural ocupa un lugar preferente en la escena historiográfica, aunque con desfases cronológicos y distintas modalidades dependiendo de las circunstancias nacionales y, en este sentido, se impone una aproximación comparativa. El presente volumen pretende inscribirse en esta perspectiva, preguntándose por la realidad de un «giro cultural» en la historiografía mundial. Los numerosos colaboradores han aceptado responder a un plan de trabajo en el que, partiendo de la situación historiográfica de cada país, se analicen las modalidades de surgimiento y de estructuración de la historia cultural. La meta buscada no es normativa y contempla un planteamiento que combina el análisis de las obras, las singularidades de las coyunturas historiográficas y la organización de los mercados universitarios.

Religion and Empire
Religion and Empire

Author: Geoffrey W. Conrad

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1984-08-31

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 9780521318969

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A provocative, comparative study of the formation and expansion of the Aztec and Inca empires. Argues that prehistoric cultural development is largely determined by continual changes in traditional religion.