Introducing numerical techniques for combustion, this textbook describes both laminar and turbulent flames, addresses the problem of flame-wall interaction, and presents a series of theoretical tools used to study the coupling phenomena between combustion and acoustics. The second edition incorporates recent advances in unsteady simulation methods,
This volume gives an overview of the state-of-the-art with respect to the development of all types of parallel computers and their application to a wide range of problem areas. The international conference on parallel computing ParCo97 (Parallel Computing 97) was held in Bonn, Germany from 19 to 22 September 1997. The first conference in this biannual series was held in 1983 in Berlin. Further conferences were held in Leiden (The Netherlands), London (UK), Grenoble (France) and Gent (Belgium). From the outset the aim with the ParCo (Parallel Computing) conferences was to promote the application of parallel computers to solve real life problems. In the case of ParCo97 a new milestone was reached in that more than half of the papers and posters presented were concerned with application aspects. This fact reflects the coming of age of parallel computing. Some 200 papers were submitted to the Program Committee by authors from all over the world. The final programme consisted of four invited papers, 71 contributed scientific/industrial papers and 45 posters. In addition a panel discussion on Parallel Computing and the Evolution of Cyberspace was held. During and after the conference all final contributions were refereed. Only those papers and posters accepted during this final screening process are included in this volume. The practical emphasis of the conference was accentuated by an industrial exhibition where companies demonstrated the newest developments in parallel processing equipment and software. Speakers from participating companies presented papers in industrial sessions in which new developments in parallel computing were reported.
Cette thèse a pour objectif d'améliorer les connaissances et les modèles de la combustion turbulente prémélangée et en particulier de la formation des polluants dans les flammes turbulentes. Basée sur une approche de simulation numérique directe, bâtie autour du code NTMIX-CHEMKIN et en tenant compte de cinétiques chimiques complexes, nous avons étudié, d'une part, l'interaction d'une flamme de prémélange plane avec une paire de tourbillons, d'autre part, l'interaction flamme turbulence sur la base d'une turbulence homogène isotrope bidimensionnelle. Les résultats de ces études montrent l'inadéquation de certains schémas cinétiques pour la description de l'interaction flamme-tourbillons et donc, à fortiori, pour l'interaction flamme-turbulence. On trace également l'évolution de grandeurs caractéristiques telles que le taux de dégagement de chaleur et l'émission lumineuse au cours de l'interaction. L'étude de flammes turbulentes montre le rôle du monoxyde de carbone en tant qu'intermédiaire clé entre l'oxydation du combustible méthane et la formation du dioxyde de carbone. On observe également que la formation instantanée du monoxyde d'azote no dans une flamme turbulente suit la même dépendance de la température que celle d'une flamme laminaire et peut donc être modélisée en faisant intervenir la fonction de densité de probabilité de la température de l'écoulement turbulent. Par ailleurs, l'analyse statistique des flammes avec une cinétique chimique complexe montre qu'il n'est pas possible d'obtenir les propriétés représentatives d'une surface de flamme à partir d'un seul iso-contour d'une variable caractéristique. L'exploitation de résultats de simulation numérique directe pour ce type de modèles de combustion nécessite l'introduction de grandeurs globales, définies ici par intégration perpendiculaire au front de flamme.
Turbulent combustion sits at the interface of two important nonlinear, multiscale phenomena: chemistry and turbulence. Its study is extremely timely in view of the need to develop new combustion technologies in order to address challenges associated with climate change, energy source uncertainty, and air pollution. Despite the fact that modeling of turbulent combustion is a subject that has been researched for a number of years, its complexity implies that key issues are still eluding, and a theoretical description that is accurate enough to make turbulent combustion models rigorous and quantitative for industrial use is still lacking. In this book, prominent experts review most of the available approaches in modeling turbulent combustion, with particular focus on the exploding increase in computational resources that has allowed the simulation of increasingly detailed phenomena. The relevant algorithms are presented, the theoretical methods are explained, and various application examples are given. The book is intended for a relatively broad audience, including seasoned researchers and graduate students in engineering, applied mathematics and computational science, engine designers and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) practitioners, scientists at funding agencies, and anyone wishing to understand the state-of-the-art and the future directions of this scientifically challenging and practically important field.
Interest in numerical combustion is growing among applied mathematicians, physicists, chemists, engine manufacturers and many industrialists. This proceedings volume contains nine invited lectures and twenty seven contributions carefully selected by the editors. The major themes are numerical simulation of transsonic and supersonic combustion phenomena, the study of supersonic reacting mixing layers, and turbulent combustion. Emphasis is laid on hyperbolic models and on numerical simulations of hydrocarbon planes with a complete set of chemical reactions carried out in two-dimensional geometries as well as on complex reactive flow simulations.
Il a été démontré que l’ajout d’une certaine proportion d’hydrogène aux hydrocarbures permet d’améliorer les performances de la combustion (amélioration de la stabilité, réduction de la pollution, etc.). Il est important de bien identifier les caractéristiques de combustion de ces combustibles composés dans différentes conditions opératoires afin de pouvoir les utiliser efficacement dans les systèmes pratiques de production d’énergie. L’approche expérimentale demeure limitée à certaines conditions opératoires du fait des coûts que peut engendrer sa mise œuvre. En revanche, la simulation numérique peut constituer une solution plus appropriée compte tenu des avancées réalisées en matière de puissance de calcul et de modélisation. Cependant, il est nécessaire, au préalable, de s’assurer du bon comportement de l’outil numérique dans plusieurs cas tests. Dans ce contexte, l’effet de l’ajout de H2 sur la structure de la flamme et la formation des polluants est étudié dans ce travail. La relation reliant la longueur de la flamme, la perte de chaleur radiative, les émissions de CO2, de CO, de NO et de suie au pourcentage d’hydrogène dans le mélange combustible est caractérisée. Les validations ont porté sur plusieurs configurations de jets turbulents à masse volumique variable et de flammes de diffusion turbulente caractérisées par différents rapports de densité et de vitesses à l’injection. Les résultats de l’addition de H2 ont permis de noter une augmentation de l’efficacité du mélange, une élévation de la température maximale, une diminution des fractions massiques de CO et de CO2, une augmentation de la production de NO et une réduction des quantités de suies émises.
Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion, Volume 45, gives an overview of the different steps involved in the development and application of detailed kinetic mechanisms, mainly relating to pyrolysis and combustion processes. The book is divided into two parts that cover the chemistry and kinetic models and then the numerical and statistical methods. It offers a comprehensive coverage of the theory and tools needed, along with the steps necessary for practical and industrial applications. Details thermochemical properties and "ab initio" calculations of elementary reaction rates Details kinetic mechanisms of pyrolysis and combustion processes Explains experimental data for improving reaction models and for kinetic mechanisms assessment Describes surrogate fuels and molecular reconstruction of hydrocarbon liquid mixtures Describes pollutant formation in combustion systems Solves and validates the kinetic mechanisms using numerical and statistical methods Outlines optimal design of industrial burners and optimization and dynamic control of pyrolysis furnaces Outlines large eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows
This book presents methodologies for analysing large data sets produced by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulence and combustion. It describes the development of models that can be used to analyse large eddy simulations, and highlights both the most common techniques and newly emerging ones. The chapters, written by internationally respected experts, invite readers to consider DNS of turbulence and combustion from a formal, data-driven standpoint, rather than one led by experience and intuition. This perspective allows readers to recognise the shortcomings of existing models, with the ultimate goal of quantifying and reducing model-based uncertainty. In addition, recent advances in machine learning and statistical inferences offer new insights on the interpretation of DNS data. The book will especially benefit graduate-level students and researchers in mechanical and aerospace engineering, e.g. those with an interest in general fluid mechanics, applied mathematics, and the environmental and atmospheric sciences.
This new edition of the near-legendary textbook by Schlichting and revised by Gersten presents a comprehensive overview of boundary-layer theory and its application to all areas of fluid mechanics, with particular emphasis on the flow past bodies (e.g. aircraft aerodynamics). The new edition features an updated reference list and over 100 additional changes throughout the book, reflecting the latest advances on the subject.
