Shock Tube Studies of the Effects of Sharp-rising, Long-duration Overpressures on Biological Systems
Shock Tube Studies of the Effects of Sharp-rising, Long-duration Overpressures on Biological Systems

Author: V. C. Goldizen

Publisher:

Published: 1959

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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Shock tubes have been used successfully by a number of investigators to study the biological effects of variations in environmental pressures (1,2,3). Recently an unusually versatile laboratory pressurization source became available with the capability of consistently reproducing a wide variety of pressure-time phenomena of durations equal to and well beyond those associated with the detonation of nuclear devices (4). Thus it became possible to supplement costly full-scale field research in blast biology carried out at the Nevada Test Site (5,6) by using an economical yet realistic laboratory tool. In one exploratory study employing pressure pulses of 5 to 10 sec duration wherein the times to max overpressure and the magnitudes of the overpressures were varied, a relatively high tolerance of biological media to pressures well over 150 psi was demonstrated (7). In contrast, the present paper will describe the relatively high biological susceptibility to long duration overpressures in which the pressure rises occurred in single and double fast-rising steps.

The Effects of Shock Tube Generated, Step-rising Overpressures on Guinea Pigs Located in Shallow Chambers Oriented Side-on and End-on to the Incident Shock
The Effects of Shock Tube Generated, Step-rising Overpressures on Guinea Pigs Located in Shallow Chambers Oriented Side-on and End-on to the Incident Shock

Author: Victor R. Clare

Publisher:

Published: 1962

Total Pages: 68

ISBN-13:

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A total of 308 guinea pigs were exposed to air blast in 4 close-fitting, shallow, rectangular chambers mounted on the top, bottom and sides of an air-driven shock tube. With a reflecting plate at the downstream edge of the chambers, the animals were exposed to long-duration shock overpressures that initially rose in a single step. The LD50-24-hr reflected pressure calculated from grouping all positions was 36.2! 0.8 psi. By moving the reflecting plate to various distances downstream of the chambers, shock overpressures that initially rose in two steps were applied. The results were that the animals' tolerances to overpressure rose as the time between pressure steps was increased. Comparison of the LD50's obtained with animals in each chamber revealed that there was not a significant statistical difference in their tolerances, whether they were loaded initially with the single-step pulse from their right, left, dorsal or ventral surfaces. (Author).

Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries
Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

Author: Frank Lees

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2012-11-05

Total Pages: 3685

ISBN-13: 0123977827

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Safety in the process industries is critical for those who work with chemicals and hazardous substances or processes. The field of loss prevention is, and continues to be, of supreme importance to countless companies, municipalities and governments around the world, and Lees' is a detailed reference to defending against hazards. Recognized as the standard work for chemical and process engineering safety professionals, it provides the most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment, regulations and laws covering the field of process safety. An entire library of alternative books (and cross-referencing systems) would be needed to replace or improve upon it, but everything of importance to safety professionals, engineers and managers can be found in this all-encompassing three volume reference instead. - The process safety encyclopedia, trusted worldwide for over 30 years - Now available in print and online, to aid searchability and portability - Over 3,600 print pages cover the full scope of process safety and loss prevention, compiling theory, practice, standards, legislation, case studies and lessons learned in one resource as opposed to multiple sources

The Relationship Between Selected Blast-wave Parameters and the Response of Mammals Exposed to Air Blast
The Relationship Between Selected Blast-wave Parameters and the Response of Mammals Exposed to Air Blast

Author: Donald R. Richmond

Publisher:

Published: 1966

Total Pages: 60

ISBN-13:

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For personnel standing or prone-side-on to the charge when it is detonated at or near the surface, the side-on incident plus dynamic pressures become the effective pressure; however, with orientations end-on in this situation, only the side-on incident pressure appears to be the maximal effective pressure.