Screening of Chlorinated Paraffins, Dechloranes and UV-filters in Nordic Countries
Screening of Chlorinated Paraffins, Dechloranes and UV-filters in Nordic Countries

Author: Schlabach, Martin

Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers

Published: 2022-03-30

Total Pages: 64

ISBN-13: 9289372915

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Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-519/ On behalf of the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Screening Group, NILU and NIVA performed a monitoring study on selected environmental contaminants, namely UV-filters, dechloranes, and chlorinated paraffins. UV-compounds were frequently detected in samples related to the marine food web. In the group of dechloranes, dechlorane 602 was detected most frequently in samples related to the marine, freshwater, and terrestrial food web. Short and medium chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) were found in most of the samples, but long chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) with a slightly lower detection frequency. For nearly all biota samples, the concentrations of MCCPs were higher than the SCCP concentrations. LCCP-concentrations were as high or higher than the SCCP-concentrations.

Chlorinated paraffins in urban air in Nordic Countries
Chlorinated paraffins in urban air in Nordic Countries

Author: Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla

Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers

Published: 2023-05-11

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13: 9289375779

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Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-515/ On behalf of the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Screening Group, NILU performed a study on short-, medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, LCCPs) in urban air. Tire wear particles have been suggested to be a source for CPs and elevated urban concentrations of CPs. Air samples were here collected in three Nordic capitals (Finland, Iceland and Norway) in wintertime and in summertime. Higher concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were observed in wintertime than in summertime in Norway and Finland but no difference was observed in Iceland. Elevated concentrations of MCCPs and LCCPs were found at individual sites, but the concentrations at the urban sites were not consistently higher than at a background monitoring site. The results therefore showed no clear relationship to traffic. Instead, sources may be more diffusive and local sources seem to differ.

Human Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffins in Scandinavia
Human Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffins in Scandinavia

Author: Yuan, Bo

Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers

Published: 2023-04-17

Total Pages: 41

ISBN-13: 9289375310

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Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have received global attention by the authorities as well as the industries using or producing CPs. In late 2017, a group of short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and replacement CPs were found in both Norwegian and Swedish mothers’ milk and, later, in mothers’ milk from over 50 countries across the world. his project focused on a comprehensive understanding of body burden and multiple human exposure pathways to both legacy CPs and current-use CPs in a Norwegian cohort. The cohort provided a rare opportunity to explore human exposure to CPs compared to the other consumer chemical contaminants. Combining both internal and external information, it was studied how much and to what extent people are exposed to the chemicals via different pathways, and what the differences are between the legacy CPs and the current CPs in human exposure and accumulation.

Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab and R
Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab and R

Author: Dennis R. Helsel

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-02-01

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 0470479884

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Praise for the First Edition " . . . an excellent addition to an upper-level undergraduate course on environmental statistics, and . . . a 'must-have' desk reference for environmental practitioners dealing with censored datasets." —Vadose Zone Journal Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab® and R, Second Edition introduces and explains methods for analyzing and interpreting censored data in the environmental sciences. Adapting survival analysis techniques from other fields, the book translates well-established methods from other disciplines into new solutions for environmental studies. This new edition applies methods of survival analysis, including methods for interval-censored data to the interpretation of low-level contaminants in environmental sciences and occupational health. Now incorporating the freely available R software as well as Minitab® into the discussed analyses, the book features newly developed and updated material including: A new chapter on multivariate methods for censored data Use of interval-censored methods for treating true nondetects as lower than and separate from values between the detection and quantitation limits ("remarked data") A section on summing data with nondetects A newly written introduction that discusses invasive data, showing why substitution methods fail Expanded coverage of graphical methods for censored data The author writes in a style that focuses on applications rather than derivations, with chapters organized by key objectives such as computing intervals, comparing groups, and correlation. Examples accompany each procedure, utilizing real-world data that can be analyzed using the Minitab® and R software macros available on the book's related website, and extensive references direct readers to authoritative literature from the environmental sciences. Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab® and R, Second Edition is an excellent book for courses on environmental statistics at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a valuable reference for??environmental professionals, biologists, and ecologists who focus on the water sciences, air quality, and soil science.

Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials

Author: Eli Pearce

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 1468421484

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Flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important social and scientific problem. Fire statistics in the United States (Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control. "America Burning:' 1973) emphasized the vast devastation to life and property--12.000 lives lost annually due to fire. and these deaths are usually caused by inhaling smoke or toxic gases: 300.000 fire injuries: 11.4 billion dollars in fire cost at which 2.7 billion dollars is related to property loss: a billion dollars to burn injury treatment: and 3.3 billion dollars in productivity loss. It is obvious that much human and economic misery can be attributed to fire situations. In relation to this. polymer flammability has been recognized as an in creasingly important social and scientific problem. The development of flame-retardant polymeric materials is a current example where the initia tive for major scientific and technological developments is motivated by sociological pressure and legislation. This is part of the important trend toward a safer environment and sets a pattern for future example. Flame retardancy deals with our basic everyday life situations-housing. work areas. transportation. clothing and so forth-the "macroenvironment" capsule within which "homosapiens" live. As a result. flame-retardant polymers are now emerging as a specific class of materials leading to new and diversified scientific and technological ventures.

Physical and Chemical Processes in the Aquatic Environment
Physical and Chemical Processes in the Aquatic Environment

Author: Erik R. Christensen

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-09-15

Total Pages: 447

ISBN-13: 1118111761

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There is need in environmental research for a book on fresh waters including rivers and lakes. Compared with other books on the topic, this book has a unique outline in that it follows pollution from sources to impact. Included in the text is the treatment of various tracers, ranging from pathogens to stable isotopes of elements and providing a comprehensive discussion which is lacking in many other books on pollution control of natural waters. Geophysical processes are discussed emphasizing mixing of water, interaction between water and the atmosphere, and sedimentation processes. Important geochemistry processes occurring in natural waters are described as are the processes specific to nutrients, organic pollutants, metals, and pathogens in subsequent chapters. Each of these chapters includes an introduction on the selected groups, followed by the physicochemical properties which are the most relevant to their behavior in natural waters, and the theories and models to describe their speciation, transport and transformation. The book also includes the most up to date information including a discussion on emerging pollutants such as brominated and phosphate flame retardants, perflurochemicals, and pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to its importance an ecotoxicology chapter has been included featuring molecular biological methods, nanoparticles, and comparison of the basis of biotic ligand model with the Weibull dose-response model. Finally, the last chapter briefly summarizes the regulations on ambient water quality.

Handbook of Technical Textiles
Handbook of Technical Textiles

Author: A. Richard Horrocks

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2015-12-01

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 1782424814

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The second edition of Handbook of Technical Textiles, Volume 1: Technical Textile Processes provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the latest advancements in technical textiles. With revised and updated coverage, including several new chapters, this volume reviews recent developments and technologies in the field, beginning with an overview of the technical textiles industry that includes coverage of technical fibers and yarns, weaving, spinning, knitting, and nonwoven production. Subsequent sections include discussions on finishing, coating, and the coloration of technical textiles. - Provides a comprehensive handbook for all aspects of technical textiles - Presents updated, detailed coverage of processes, fabric structure, and applications - An ideal resource for those interested in high-performance textiles, textile processes, textile processing, and textile applications - Contains contributions from many of the original, recognized experts from the first edition who update their respective chapters

Additives for Plastics Handbook
Additives for Plastics Handbook

Author: J. Murphy

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2001-11-22

Total Pages: 507

ISBN-13: 0080498612

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Both technically and economically, additives form a large and increasingly significant part of the polymer industry, both plastics and elastomers. Since the first edition of this book was published, there have been wide-ranging developments, covering chemistry and formulation of new and more efficient additive systems and the safer use of additives, both by processors in the factory and, in the wider field, as they affect the general public. This new edition follows the successful formula of its predecessor, it provides a comprehensive view of all types of additives, concentrating mainly on their technical aspects (chemistry/formulation, structure, function, main applications) with notes on the commercial background of each. The field has been expanded to include any substance that is added to a polymer to improve its use, so including reinforcing materials (such as glass fibre), carbon black and titanium dioxide. This is a book which has been planned for ease of use and the information is presented in a way which is appropriate to the users' needs.

Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology

Author: M. H. Fulekar

Publisher: I. K. International Pvt Ltd

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 9380026986

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Highlights the latest developments and advances in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology and their applications in the design and development of material science and devices, energy, drug delivery, cosmetics, biology, biotechnology, tissue engineering, bioinformatics, information technology, agriculture and food, environmental protection, health risk, ethics, and regulations.