The standards and codes (S&C) initiative was launched in the aftermath of the emerging market crises of the 1990s as part of efforts to strengthen the international financial architecture, with a focus on emerging markets. The initiative has aimed at promoting international standards and codes to improve economic and financial resilience by assisting countries in strengthening their economic institutions and informing World Bank and IMF work. The four previous reviews confirmed a fairly high appreciation of the overall initiative, while also raising questions about the initiative’s link to surveillance and capacity development efforts, weak uptake by market participants, as well as a need to improve traction with policy makers. This review reaffirms the country authorities’ appreciation for S&C work, and its focus and scope are guided by the February 2017 paper.
The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Pamphlet is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of individuals who enter the nursing profession, the profession's nonnegotiable ethical standard, and an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society. Provides a framework for nurses to use in ethical analysis and decision-making.
The standards and codes (S&C) initiative was launched in 1999 as part of efforts to strengthen the international financial architecture. The initiative aims at promoting international best practices to improve economic and financial resilience through three intermediate objectives: assist countries in strengthening their economic institutions, inform World Bank and IMF work, and inform market participants. The four previous reviews confirmed a fairly high appreciation of the overall initiative. However, the related comprehensive surveys and engagement with stakeholders raised questions about the initiative’s link to surveillance and capacity-building efforts, as well traction with market participants and policy makers. This paper is designed to engage with the Executive Board on the overall scope and focus of the 2017 review of the S&C initiative. The continuous evolution of the S&C and work under the initiative has accelerated in several policy areas since the financial crisis. Several areas of the S&C have been substantially reformed (fiscal and financial codes) or updated (corporate governance and insolvency and creditor rights) to reflect evolving international best practices, while potential changes in some others are still under consideration (data and monetary and financial policy transparency). The overall level of assessment activity under the initiative has fallen moderately, with a sharp drop in formal Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs) partly offset by an increase in other types of S&C based outputs, such as evaluations. Since the 2011 review, most of the changes to individual S&C policy areas under the initiative have involved direct Board engagement, and have aimed at improving operational effectiveness to promote international best practice in the specific area. The review is an opportunity to discuss how the initiative may be adapted to maintain its relevance, and to capitalize on its achievements. The review will look at changes to the S&C and their applications—across and within the individual policy areas—and make recommendations on the overall initiative. This informal session to engage provides a factual update of the S&C initiative since the last review in 2011, and proposes a strategic approach to address gaps and weaknesses, coordinate reviews of individual policy areas and the overall initiative, and continue to strengthen the relationship with external standard setters and assessors.
This volume, developed by the Observatory together with OECD, provides an overall conceptual framework for understanding and applying strategies aimed at improving quality of care. Crucially, it summarizes available evidence on different quality strategies and provides recommendations for their implementation. This book is intended to help policy-makers to understand concepts of quality and to support them to evaluate single strategies and combinations of strategies.
The paper reports to the Executive Board on its decision of April 29, 2019, to prepare an IMF Central Bank Transparency Code (CBT), which is linked to the 2017 Review of the Standards and Codes Initiative (RSCI), for a revision and update of the 1999 Monetary and Financial Policies Transparency Code (MFPT). Directors asked that the CBT should remove the overlap on financial policies covered by other international standards, expand the transparency standards to broader set of activities undertaken by many central banks since the 2008 financial crisis, and reorient the transparency standards to facilitate risk-based assessments to support policy effectiveness and address macroeconomic risks.
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
