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Author: Georg Kreis
Publisher: Psychology Press
Published: 2000
Total Pages: 394
ISBN-13: 0714650293
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis collection of essays sheds light on the history of Switzerland during World War II, covering such topics as: trade; financial relations; gold; refugees; defence; and foreign relations. It also touches on official post-war measures to suppress Switzerland's involvement in the war.
Author: Dr. Karl Heinz Roth
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Published: 2021-12-10
Total Pages: 442
ISBN-13: 1800732589
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSince unification, the Federal Republic of Germany has made vaunted efforts to make amends for the crimes of the Third Reich. Yet it remains the case that the demands for restitution by many countries that were occupied during the Second World War are unresolved, and recent demands from Greece and Poland have only reignited old debates. This book reconstructs the German occupation of Poland and Greece and gives a thorough accounting of these debates. Working from the perspective of international law, it deepens the scholarly discourse around the issue, clarifying the ‘never-ending story’ of German reparations policy and making a principled call for further action. A compilation of primary sources comprising 125 annotated key texts (512 pages) on the complexity of reparations discussions covering the period between 1941 and the end of 2017 is available for free on the Berghahn Books website, doi: 10.3167/9781800732575.dd.
Author: Klaus Urner
Publisher: Lexington Books
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 252
ISBN-13: 9780739102558
DOWNLOAD EBOOKKlaus Urner has discovered proof that Hitler wanted to "rub out" Switzerland. The planned occupation of the country was, however, postponed for a short time and in the end did not materialize. Switzerland was the only country in Western Europe that did not suffer military invasion in World War II. It made itself indispensable to both sides and survived in the eye of the hurricane that was Nazi aggression. "Let's Swallow Switzerland", including archival photographs, original color maps, and reprints of secret documents, sets new standards for the investigation of this important chapter of twentieth-century history.
Author: Katja Happe
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Published: 2022-08-01
Total Pages: 921
ISBN-13: 3110687739
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn summer 1942 the Germans escalated the systematic deportations of Jews from Western and Northern Europe to the extermination camps. In most of the countries under German control, the occupying forces initially focused on arresting foreign and stateless Jews, thereby securing the cooperation of local authorities. However, before long the entire Jewish population was targeted for deportation. This volume documents the parallels and differences in the persecution of Jews in occupied Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the period from summer 1942 to liberation; it records the implementation of the systematic deportation and murder of Jews from Western and Northern Europe, and it also records the rescue of more than 5,000 Danish Jews. In letters and diary entries the persecuted Jews describe their attempts to flee, life in hiding, the transit camps, and deportation transports that often took several days. In Westerbork camp in the occupied Netherlands, Bob Cahen, himself an inmate, recorded in his diary the arrival in the camp of 17,000 Jews from across the Netherlands in October 1942: ‘People arrived here herded like livestock. Some were buried beneath their luggage, others without any possessions at all, not even properly dressed. Women in poor health who had been hauled out of bed in thin nightgowns, children in undergarments and barefoot, the elderly, the ill, the infirm – more and more new people came to the camp.’ The sources in the volume show how the perpetrators attempted to dupe their victims regarding the destination of the transports, and how Jewish organizations attempted to alleviate the suffering of the deportees. The documents additionally illustrate how the resistance movement gained momentum during this period. Learn more about the PMJ on https://pmj-documents.org/
Author: J. Gabriel
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2003-09-09
Total Pages: 227
ISBN-13: 0230500242
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSwiss Foreign Policy, 1945-2002 presents for the first time a comprehensive collection of eight essays, addressing the post-war foreign policy of Switzerland. The essays deal with a diverse range of issues: general foreign policy and neutrality; defense and security policy; relations with the United Nations; the Swiss policy of good offices; relations with the International Committee of the Red Cross; Swiss human rights policy; arms control and non-proliferation and foreign economic policy. Through these essays, the dualistic nature of Swiss foreign policy, being at once both strongly internationalist and strongly unilateralist, is examined.
Author: Pierre Th. Braunschweig
Publisher: Casemate
Published: 2004-09-19
Total Pages: 577
ISBN-13: 1612000223
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA revealing account of Swiss intelligence operations during WWII, including a secret backchannel between Switzerland and Nazi Germany. During World War II, Col. Roger Masson, the head of Swiss Intelligence, maintained a secret link to the German Chief of Espionage, SS Gen. Walter Schellenberg. With access to previously inaccessible documents, including newly discovered material in American archives, historian Pierre Braunschweig fully illuminates this connection for the first time, along with surprising new details about the military threats Switzerland faced in March 1943. During World War II, Switzerland was famous as a center of espionage fielded by Allies and Axis alike. Less has been known, however, about Switzerland’s own intelligence activities, including its secret sources in Hitler’s councils and its counterespionage program at home. In Secret Channel to Berlin, Braunschweig details the functions of Swiss Intelligence during World War II and sheds new light on conflicts between Swiss Intelligence and the federal government in Bern, as well as within the intelligence service itself.
Author: Jasper Trautsch
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2019-03-14
Total Pages: 343
ISBN-13: 1351581805
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRecent events around the globe have cast doubt on the assumption that, as a result of increasing cross-border migrations and global interdependencies, nation-states are becoming more inclusive, ethnic forms of identification more and more a thing of the past, and processes of supranational integration progressively more acceptable. Xenophobic forms of nationalism have once again been on the rise, as became strikingly visible through the results of the Brexit referendum, the election of Donald Trump, and the inclusion of the Lega Nord in the Italian government. It is timely, therefore, to inquire how multiethnic forms of nationalism can be re-promoted and for this purpose to re-investigate the concept of civic nationalism. This book assembles case studies that analyse the historical practices of civic or quasi-civic nationalisms from around the world. By allowing for global comparisons, the collection of articles seeks to shed new light on pressing questions faced by nation-states around the world today: Are truly civic nationalisms even possible? Which strategies have multiethnic nation-states pursued in the past to foster national sentiment? How can nation-states generate social solidarity without resorting to primordialism? Can the historical example of civic or quasi-civic nation-states offer useful lessons to contemporary nation-states for successfully integrating immigrants?
Author: Gerald Steinacher
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2017-02-16
Total Pages: 420
ISBN-13: 0191014982
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFrom the brink of dissolution in 1945 to the triumph of the Geneva Conventions in 1949, via the Nuremberg Trials, runaway Nazis, and furious battles with communist critics on the eve of the Cold War, this is the intriguing and remarkable story of the International Red Cross - and how it survived its ambiguous relationship with the Nazis during the Second World War. The Geneva-based International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is one of the world's oldest, most prominent, and revered aid organizations. But at the end of World War II things could not have looked more different. Under fire for its failure to speak out against the Holocaust or to extend substantial assistance to Jews trapped in Nazi camps across Europe, the ICRC desperately needed to salvage its reputation in order to remain relevant in the post-war world. Indeed, the whole future of Switzerland's humanitarian flagship looked to hang in the balance at this time. Torn between defending Swiss neutrality and battling Communist critics in the early Cold War, the Red Cross leadership in Geneva emerged from the world war with a new commitment to protecting civilians caught in the crossfire of conflict. But they did so while defending former Nazis at the Nuremberg Trials and issuing travel papers to many of Hitler's former henchmen. These actions did little to silence the ICRC's critics, who unfavourably compared the 'shabby' neutrality of the Swiss with the 'good' neutrality of the Swedes, their eager rivals for leadership in international humanitarian initiatives. In spite of all this, by the end of the decade, the ICRC had emerged triumphant from its moment of existential crisis, navigating the new global order to reaffirm its leadership in world humanitarian affairs against the challenge of the Swedes, and playing a formative role in rewriting the rules of war in the Geneva Conventions of 1949. This uncompromising new history tells the remarkable and intriguing story of how the ICRC achieved this - successfully escaping the shadow of its ambiguous wartime record to forge a new role and a new identity in the post-1945 world.
Author: Christian Bailey
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Published: 2013-10-01
Total Pages: 274
ISBN-13: 1782381406
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAn intellectual and cultural history of mid-twentieth century plans for European integration, this book calls into question the usual pre- and post-war periodizations that have structured approaches to twentieth-century European history. It focuses not simply on the ideas of leading politicians but analyses debates about Europe in “civil society” and the party-political sphere in Germany, asking if, and how, a “permissive consensus” was formed around the issue of integration. Taking Germany as its case study, the book offers context to the post-war debates, analysing the continuities that existed between interwar and post-war plans for European integration. It draws attention to the abiding scepticism of democracy displayed by many advocates of integration, indeed suggesting that groups across the ideological spectrum converged around support for European integration as a way of constraining the practice of democracy within nation-states.
Author: Massimo Mastrogregori
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Published: 2011-07-11
Total Pages: 440
ISBN-13: 3110932989
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAnnually published since 1930, the International bibliography of Historical Sciences (IBOHS) is an international bibliography of the most important historical monographs and periodical articles published throughout the world, which deal with history from the earliest to the most recent times. The works are arranged systematically according to period, region or historical discipline, and within this classification alphabetically. The bibliography contains a geographical index and indexes of persons and authors.
