Sahara occidental
Sahara occidental

Author: Laurent Pointier

Publisher: KARTHALA Editions

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 2845864345

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La guerre du Viêtnam clôt symboliquement le vaste mouvement de décolonisation entrepris après 1945 et scelle l'âge d'or des libérations nationales. Les derniers mouvements de libération qui existaient avant 1975 et qui subsistent encore aujourd'hui ne font plus que se référer à cette grande effervescence populaire passée. Ils ont parcouru près de trois décennies et se sont marginalisés avec l'émergence des nouveaux conflits ethnico-religieux. Ces survivances de luttes de libération sont aujourd'hui victimes de la construction du monde en systèmes interétatiques ou en grands ensembles communautaro-politiques. Parmi ces rescapées, figure celle qui a pour théâtre un territoire plat et désertique, vaste comme la moitié de la France, Sahara occidental pour les uns, Sahara marocain ou provinces du Sud pour les autres. Comment ce territoire a-t-il échappé au vaste mouvement de décolonisation puis est-il tombé dans cette anomalie historique d'un no man's land qui ne sera jamais indépendant, tout au moins dans la forme actuelle que revêt l'indépendance - celle de l'État-nation -, seule forme autorisée de société ? Pour autant, trente années de crise n'auront pas tempéré les aspirations nationales des protagonistes. L'État et les mouvements de libération ont leur logique propre. Aussi, ces derniers ne peuvent-ils être vaincus que par l'anéantissement. Et contrairement à un État, on ne peut les persuader de réorienter leurs objectifs, car changer d'objectifs reviendrait à supprimer leur raison d'être. Débat passionnant qu'il est pourtant nécessaire de démythifier, au risque de le " machiavéliser ", le déshumaniser et le présenter en opposition au discours ambiant, à celui des partisans de la cause marocaine ou sahraouie, celui des humanistes, celui des tiers-mondistes, celui des juristes et des administrateurs zélés ou celui des victimes du conflit et de la répression. Sahara occidental : la controverse devant les Nations unies est le fruit d'une recherche universitaire qui a pour seule prétention de proposer un diagnostic de l'échec des Nations unies au Sahara occidental et pour seule ambition de formuler des pistes de réflexion pour appréhender la question saharienne au plus près de particularités socio-historiques trop souvent éludées.

The Right of Self-Determination of Peoples
The Right of Self-Determination of Peoples

Author: Jörg Fisch

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2015-12-09

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 1316445151

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The right of self-determination of peoples holds out the promise of sovereign statehood for all peoples and a domination-free international order. But it also harbors the danger of state fragmentation that can threaten international stability if claims of self-determination lead to secessions. Covering both the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century independence movements in the Americas and the twentieth-century decolonization worldwide, this book examines the conceptual and political history of the right of self-determination of peoples. It addresses the political contexts in which the right and concept were formulated and the practices developed to restrain its potentially anarchic character, its inception in anti-colonialism, nationalism, and the labor movement, its instrumentalization at the end of the First World War in a formidable duel that Wilson lost to Lenin, its abuse by Hitler, the path after the Second World War to its recognition as a human right in 1966, and its continuing impact after decolonization.

Global, Regional and Local Dimensions of Western Sahara’s Protracted Decolonization
Global, Regional and Local Dimensions of Western Sahara’s Protracted Decolonization

Author: Raquel Ojeda-Garcia

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-11-30

Total Pages: 355

ISBN-13: 1349950351

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This book explores the traces of the passage of time on the protracted and intractable conflict of Western Sahara. The authors offer a multilevel analysis of recent developments from the global to the local scenes, including the collapse of the architecture of the UN-led conflict resolution process, the advent of the War on Terror to the the Sahara-Sahel area and the impact of the ‘Arab Spring’ and growing regional security instability. Special attention is devoted to changes in the Western Sahara territory annexed by Morocco and the Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria. Morocco has adapted its governance and public policies to profound socio-demographic transformations in the territory under its control and has attempted to obtain international recognition for this annexation by proposing an Autonomy Plan. The Polisario Front and Sahrawi nationalists have shifted their strategy and pushed the centre of gravity of the conflict back inwards by focusing on pro-independence activism inside the disputed territory.

North Africa
North Africa

Author: Yahia H. Zoubir

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2008-01-15

Total Pages: 419

ISBN-13: 1134087403

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This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary Maghreb. It includes profiles of individual countries, and regional issues such as migration, gender, economics and war in Western Sahara.

Arab youths
Arab youths

Author: Laurent Bonnefoy

Publisher: Manchester University Press

Published: 2023-11-21

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 1526127482

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Young Arabs are too often reduced to the figures of the potential terrorist, the migrant or the exotic icon of the revolution. But the reality is much richer. Coming from both sides of the Mediterranean, the researchers in this book travel off the beaten track by exploring how young Arabs spend their free time. The case studies take in a wide range of countries, including Morocco, Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, and all manner of activities, from football to rap music, café culture to sex work. Drawn with sensitivity and humour, Arab youths presents an exceptional portrait of a generation that is much talked about but rarely listened to. This book gives a voice to young men and women who, as heirs of plural traditions, animated by new ideas and influenced by various cultural movements, are inventing the future of their societies in the midst of radical change.

Endgame in the Western Sahara
Endgame in the Western Sahara

Author: Toby Shelley

Publisher: Zed Books Ltd.

Published: 2013-07-04

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 1848136587

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Why does this remote swathe of Sahara along the Atlantic seaboard concern the USA and Europe? Why does Morocco maintain its occupation? Why has the UN Security Council prevaricated for three decades while the Sahrawis live under Moroccan rule or as refugees? In this revealing book, Toby Shelley examines the geopolitics involved. He brings out: The little-known struggle of Sahrawis living under Moroccan rule to defend their identity. USA/European competition for influence in the Maghreb. The natural resources at stake -- rich fishing grounds, phosphates, and the prospect of oil. The reasons behind the UN failure to resolve what is now Africa's last decolonisation issue. The evolution of the USA-backed Baker Plan to settle the dispute. How the Western Sahara's history and future is tangled up with Moroccan--Algerian rivalry. The political development of Polisario, independence movement and state-in-waiting. Toby Shelley has talked to Polisario, Moroccan, Algerian and other diplomats. He has visited the territory and had access to opposition activists and Moroccan officials. In the refugee camps he interviewed the leadership of Polisario. What emerges is that the fate of the Western Sahara is being moulded by global and regional forces and that it is the Sahrawis under Moroccan rule who are best placed to influence that fate.