Coating and Drying Defects

Coating and Drying Defects

Author: Edgar B. Gutoff

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-08-25

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 0470044128

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A practical guide for ensuring a defect-free coating and drying process For professionals in the coating and drying industry, the world is a demanding place. New, technically complex products such as fuel cell membranes, thin film batteries, solar cells, and RFID chips require coatings of extreme precision. With the bar raised so high, understanding how to troubleshoot and eliminate defects on a coating line is an essential skill for all personnel. Coating and Drying Defects, Second Edition provides manufacturing and quality control personnel, equipment operators and supervisors, and plant engineers and scientists with the full complement of proven tools and techniques for detecting, defining, and eliminating coating defects and operating problems, and for ensuring that they do not recur. Updating the valuable contents of the first edition, this practical Second Edition: Describes all major processes for coating and drying of continuous film on sheets or webs Covers technologies that have been recently developed to prevent defect formation and improve operating procedures Provides a rational framework within which to assess and analyze virtually any defect that may arise Offers step-by-step guidelines for conducting every phase of the troubleshooting process, including defect prevention Going beyond simply describing a disparate set of troubleshooting techniques, this unique guide arms readers with a systematic, nonmathematical methodology encompassing the entire coating operation, becoming an indispensable resource for manufacturing and quality-control personnel as well as plant engineers, polymer scientists, surface scientists, organic chemists, and coating scientists.


Stability of viscoelastic forward roll coating flows

Stability of viscoelastic forward roll coating flows

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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O processo de revestimento por rotação é caracterizado pelo uso de cilindros girantes para controlar a espessura e aplicar uma fina camada de líquido em um substrato em movimento. A não ser a baixas velocidades dos cilindros, o escoamento bi-dimensional na região de formação dos filmes sobre cada cilindro é instável e o padrão observado experimentalmente consiste em um escoamento tri-dimensional e periódico na direção transversal ao substrato. Esta instabilidade pode limitar a velocidade máxima do processo se a camada líquida depositada sobre o substrato tem que ser uniforme. Para líquidos Newtonianos, a estabilidade deste escoamento é determinada pela competição de forças viscosas e capilares: a instabilidade ocorre acima de um número de capilaridade máximo. Apesar da maioria dos líquidos utilizados em processos de revestimento serem não Newtonianos, as análises disponíveis deste escoamento se limitam a estudos de líquidos Newtonianos. O comportamento não Newtoniano do líquido pode alterar completamente a natureza do escoamento perto da superfície livre; quando pequenas quantidades de polímeros flexíveis de alto peso molecular estão presentes, a instabilidade na direção transversal ocorre a velocidades muito mais baixas, quando comparado ao caso Newtoniano. Os mecanismos responsáveis pela instabilidade a baixas velocidades ainda não são completamente compreendidos. Este escoamento viscoelástico com superfície livre é analisado neste trabalho através de duas equações constitutivas diferenciais, o modelo de Oldroyld-B e o modelo de FENE-P. As equações de conservação de massa, quantidade de movimentos acopladas com os modelos constitutivos, e as equações não-lineares de mapeamento que transformam o problema de superfície livre em um problema de valor de contorno foram resolvidas pelo método de elementos finitos DEVSS-G/SUPG. O sistema de equações algébricas não linear foi resolvido pelo método de Newton com continuação por pseudo-comprimento de arco. Os resultados mostram como o campo de tensão muda com o aumento do número de Weissenberg (elasticidade do líquido), levando a formação de uma camada limite de tensão elástica na superfície livre e tensões elásticas compressivas na direção transversal, que podem explicar o aparecimento da instabilidade a baixas velocidades. Este trabalho também apresenta a formulação de estabilidade linear para escoamentos viscoelásticos com superfícies livres. O modelo dá origem a um problema de auto-valor generalizado, que foi resolvido pelo método de GMRES (ARPACK). Os auto-valores dominantes da matriz Jacobiana indicam a estabilidade do escoamento. Esta formulação foi testada em três escoamentos distintos: escoamento em uma cavidade de tampa móvel, piscina de líquido estática e um escoamento de Couette (simples de cisalhamento).


Liquid Film Coating

Liquid Film Coating

Author: P.M. Schweizer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 794

ISBN-13: 9401153426

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This multi-authored volume provides a comprehensive and in-depth account of the highly interdisciplinary science and technology of liquid film coating. The book covers fundamental principles from a wide range of scientific disciplines, including fluid mechanics aand transport phenomena, capillary hydrodynamics, surface and colloid science. The authors, all acknowledged eperts in their fields, represent a balance between industrial and academic points of view. Throughout the text, many case studies illustrate how scientific principles together with advanced experimental and theoretical methods are applied to develop and optimize manufacturing processes of eve increasing sophiatication and efficiency. In the first part of the book, the authors systematically recount the underlying physical principles and important material properties. The second part of the book gives a comprehensive overview of the most advanced experimental, mathematical and computational methods available today to investigate coating processes. The third part provides an overview and critical literature review for all major classes of liquid film coating processes of industrial importance.


Film - splitting flows of viscoelastic liquids visualization

Film - splitting flows of viscoelastic liquids visualization

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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O processo de deposição de uma fina camada de líquido sobre um substratoem movimento é conhecido como processo de revestimento. Um dastécnicas mais utilizadas é o Revestimento por Rotação Direta, devido a suasimplicidade e baixo custo de instalação e operação. A baixas velocidades, oescoamento na região de aplicação do líquido é bi-dimensional e permanente. Porem quando a velocidade é elevada o escoamento bi-dimensional torna-seinstável, levando a um escoamento tri-dimensional, com variação da espessurado filme de líquido depositado ao longo da largura do substrato. Estetipo de instabilidade é comunmente denominado Ribbing, e limita a velocidadedo processo dependendo dos requisitos de uniformidade de espessura. Geralmente, os líquidos utilizados neste processo são soluções poliméricas, os que apresentam um comportamento não Newtoniano. Foi demonstrado, para líquidos Newtonianos, que o gradiente da pressão perto do meniscodestabiliza o escoamento. O parâmetro crítico para o aparecimento da instabilidadeé o número de capilaridade. Para líquidos viscoelásticos o comportamentodo escoamento muda dramaticamente, o inicio das instabilidadesocorre a bem menores números de capilaridade quando é comparadoao caso Newtoniano. O mecanismo pelo qual a elasticidade desestabilizao escoamento perto da superfície livre ainda não é completamente entendido. Predições recentes mostraram que a zona de recirculação perto domenisco presente para líquidos Newtonianos, diminui e desaparece posteriormentea medida que o escoamento torna-se mais viscoelástico (aumentodo Número de Weissenberg). O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar experimentalmenteeste fenômeno e determinar o efeito das propriedades viscoelásticas do líquido no processo. Para isso, o escoamento entre uma placaestacionaria e o cilindro girante é analisado experimentalmente visualizandoa região perto da superfície livre e medindo o campo de velocidade usando a técnica de Velocimetria por Imagem de Partículas (PIV). Diferentes soluções de baixo peso molecular polietileno glicol (PEG), e altopeso molecular oxido de polietileno (PEO), característica elástica, em aguaforam usados para avaliar o efeito da viscoelasticidade no comportamento doescoamento. Com este analises experimental se quer confirmar la prediçaoteórica de Zevallos(2003) sobre o efeito da viscoelasticidade nas linhas decorrente e na estabilidade da superfície livre com respeito às perturbaçoestri-dimensionais.


Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics

Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics

Author: K. L. Mittal

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-03-08

Total Pages: 720

ISBN-13: 1119654904

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Activity in the arena of surface chemistry and adhesion aspects in cosmetics is substantial, but the information is scattered in many diverse publications media and no book exists which discusses surface chemistry and adhesion in cosmetics in unified manner. This book containing 15 chapters written by eminent researchers from academia and industry is divided into three parts: Part 1: General Topics; Part 2: Surface Chemistry Aspects; and Part 3: Wetting and Adhesion Aspects. The topics covered include: Lip biophysical properties and characterization; use of advanced silicone materials in long-lasting cosmetics; non-aqueous dispersions of acrylate copolymers in lipsticks; cosmetic oils in Lipstick structure; chemical structure of the hair surface, surface forces and interactions; AFM for hair surface characterization; application of AFM in characterizing hair, skin and cosmetic deposition; SIMS as a surface analysis method for hair, skin and cosmetics; surface tensiometry approach to characterize cosmetic products; spreading of hairsprays on hair; color transfer from long-wear face foundation products; interaction of polyelectrolytes and surfactants on hair surfaces; cosmetic adhesion to facial skin; and adhesion aspects in semi-permanent mascara; lipstick adhesion measurement.


Organic Coatings

Organic Coatings

Author: Frank N. Jones

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-08-30

Total Pages: 516

ISBN-13: 1119337151

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The definitive guide to organic coatings, thoroughly revised and updated—now with coverage of a range of topics not covered in previous editions Organic Coatings: Science and Technology, Fourth Edition offers unparalleled coverageof organic coatings technology and its many applications. Written by three leading industry experts (including a new, internationally-recognized coatings scientist) it presents a systematic survey of the field, revises and updates the material from the previous edition, and features new or additional treatment of such topics as superhydrophobic, ice-phobic, antimicrobial, and self-healing coatings; sustainability, artist paints, and exterior architectural primers. making it even more relevant and useful for scientists and engineers in the field, as well as for students in coatings courses. The book incorporates up-to-date coverage of recent developments in the field with detailed discussions of the principles underlying the technology and their applications in the development, production, and uses of organic coatings. All chapters in this new edition have been updated to assure consistency and to enable extensive cross-referencing. The material presented is also applicable to the related areas of printing inks and adhesives, as well as areas within the plastics industry. This new edition Completely revises outdated chapters to ensure consistency and to enable extensive cross-referencing Correlates the empirical technology of coatings with the underlying science throughout Provides expert troubleshooting guidance for coatings scientists and technologists Features hundreds of illustrative figures and extensive references to the literature A new, internationally-recognized coatings scientist brings fresh perspective to the content. Providing a broad overview for beginners in the field of organic coatings and a handy reference for seasoned professionals, Organic Coatings: Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, gives you the information and answers you need, when you need them.


Printed Batteries

Printed Batteries

Author: Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-04-23

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 1119287421

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Offers the first comprehensive account of this interesting and growing research field Printed Batteries: Materials, Technologies and Applications reviews the current state of the art for printed batteries, discussing the different types and materials, and describing the printing techniques. It addresses the main applications that are being developed for printed batteries as well as the major advantages and remaining challenges that exist in this rapidly evolving area of research. It is the first book on printed batteries that seeks to promote a deeper understanding of this increasingly relevant research and application area. It is written in a way so as to interest and motivate readers to tackle the many challenges that lie ahead so that the entire research community can provide the world with a bright, innovative future in the area of printed batteries. Topics covered in Printed Batteries include, Printed Batteries: Definition, Types and Advantages; Printing Techniques for Batteries, Including 3D Printing; Inks Formulation and Properties for Printing Techniques; Rheological Properties for Electrode Slurry; Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Printed Batteries; Printed Battery Design; and Printed Battery Applications. Covers everything readers need to know about the materials and techniques required for printed batteries Informs on the applications for printed batteries and what the benefits are Discusses the challenges that lie ahead as innovators continue with their research Printed Batteries: Materials, Technologies and Applications is a unique and informative book that will appeal to academic researchers, industrial scientists, and engineers working in the areas of sensors, actuators, energy storage, and printed electronics.