Japan's General Trading Companies
Japan's General Trading Companies

Author: Kiyoshi Kojima

Publisher: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Center

Published: 1984

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13:

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World Development Report 2020
World Development Report 2020

Author: World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2019-11-19

Total Pages: 511

ISBN-13: 1464814953

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Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.

Sogoshosha
Sogoshosha

Author: Yoshi Tsurumi

Publisher: IRPP

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 9780920380581

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From the back cover: Most Canadians have never heard of sogoshosha let alone know of their activities. An yet, it has been proposed that these Japanese general trading organizations may be developing into a prototype structure which will characterize much of international business in the future. In this study, Yoshi Tsurumi analyses the past and present development of these "large general trading firms" and their adaptation to dynamic changes in the business environment. The implications of Canada's increasing economic dependence on the United States and similarities between Canada and developing countries that have successfully created sogoshosha led the author to present a case for Canadian sogoshosha.

The Sogo Shosha
The Sogo Shosha

Author: Alexander Young

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-07-11

Total Pages: 183

ISBN-13: 1000305562

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The sogo shosha, Japan's general trading companies, are regarded as a key element in the country's rapid economic growth after World War II and its great success in international trade. In Japanese fiscal year 1975, the ten largest sogo shosha had total sales of $155 billion, accounting for 56 percent of Japan's exports and imports, 18 percent of domestic wholesale trade, and 31 percent of GNP. On the international level, the transactions of these companies in the same year were 5 percent of world export trade. This book—the first comprehensive, English-language work on the sogo shosha—systematically describes and analyzes the basic characteristics, business methods, sales and profit trends, strategies, national roles, global reach, strengths and weaknesses, and future prospects of these global trading conglomerates. In examining both the national and the global facets of the sogo shosha, the author presents the economic and social origins of the ten largest companies, how they differ from the pre-World War II zaibatsu, and how they resemble and differ from Western multinational corporations. A wealth of statistical and tabular material supplements his account of the sogo shosha as Japan's chief importers of foodstuffs, raw materials, and equipment; as the advance guard of Japanese exports; as a driving force to rationalize the domestic distribution system; and as investor-organizers of multinational overseas natural resource development programs.