Rock-physics and 3C-3D Seismic Analysis for Reservoir Characterization
Rock-physics and 3C-3D Seismic Analysis for Reservoir Characterization

Author: Fabiola Del Valle Ruiz Pelayo

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The elastic properties (density and velocity) of organic shales are largely controlled by kerogen content, porosity, clay content, and e ective pressure. Since surface-seismic measurements can have a complicated dependence on rock properties, it is essential to understand the relationship between the elastic response and variations in rock properties to correctly assess the target reservoir. In this sense, a combination of rock-physics and seismic modeling is applied to relate variations in key properties, such as kerogen content and porosity, to di erences in the elastic response of a 3C-3D seismic volume in the Marcellus Shale (Bradford County, Pennsylvania). Well log analysis and rock physics modeling indicate that density is more sensitive to kerogen content than Vp/Vs or P impedance. Organic-rich intervals (kerogen content > 6 wt. %) are characterized by densities lower than 2.5 g/cc. Vp/Vs and P-impedance are more sensitive to variations in clay content than density; Vp/Vs values lower than 1.6 are attached to clay content lower than 25 %. The interplay between mineralogy and kerogen content causes an increase in velocity in the organic-rich interval, where the e ect of kerogen on the elastic moduli seems to be masked by a decrease in clay content and increase in quartz and calcite. Elastic AVA modeling shows that the sensitivity to the presence of the organic-rich facies increases with angle for both PP and PS (converted-wave) reflections. Additionally, the compressibility seems to be more sensitive to the organic-rich facies than the rigidity. A comparison between PP and PP-PS inversions show that the addition of PS data decreases the P-impedance, S-impedance and density estimation errors by 58, 80, and 17 %, respectively. We used this procedure to create 3D-density maps to indicate promising reservoir quality. These predictions suggest good reservoirs where two gas wells (not used in the analysis) are producing.

The Rock Physics Handbook
The Rock Physics Handbook

Author: Gary Mavko

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-04-30

Total Pages: 525

ISBN-13: 0521861365

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A significantly expanded new edition of this practical guide to rock physics and geophysical interpretation for reservoir geophysicists and engineers.

Quantitative Seismic Interpretation
Quantitative Seismic Interpretation

Author: Per Avseth

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-06-10

Total Pages: 524

ISBN-13: 1107320275

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Quantitative Seismic Interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. The authors provide an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface reservoirs using well-log and seismic data. They illustrate the advantages of these new methodologies, while providing advice about limitations of the methods and traditional pitfalls. This book is aimed at graduate students, academics and industry professionals working in the areas of petroleum geoscience and exploration seismology. It will also interest environmental geophysicists seeking a quantitative subsurface characterization from shallow seismic data. The book includes problem sets and a case-study, for which seismic and well-log data, and MATLAB® codes are provided on a website (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521151351). These resources will allow readers to gain a hands-on understanding of the methodologies.

Seismic Reservoir Modeling
Seismic Reservoir Modeling

Author: Dario Grana

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-05-04

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1119086205

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Seismic reservoir characterization aims to build 3-dimensional models of rock and fluid properties, including elastic and petrophysical variables, to describe and monitor the state of the subsurface for hydrocarbon exploration and production and for CO2 sequestration. Rock physics modeling and seismic wave propagation theory provide a set of physical equations to predict the seismic response of subsurface rocks based on their elastic and petrophysical properties. However, the rock and fluid properties are generally unknown and surface geophysical measurements are often the only available data to constrain reservoir models far away from well control. Therefore, reservoir properties are generally estimated from geophysical data as a solution of an inverse problem, by combining rock physics and seismic models with inverse theory and geostatistical methods, in the context of the geological modeling of the subsurface. A probabilistic approach to the inverse problem provides the probability distribution of rock and fluid properties given the measured geophysical data and allows quantifying the uncertainty of the predicted results. The reservoir characterization problem includes both discrete properties, such as facies or rock types, and continuous properties, such as porosity, mineral volumes, fluid saturations, seismic velocities and density. Seismic Reservoir Modeling: Theory, Examples and Algorithms presents the main concepts and methods of seismic reservoir characterization. The book presents an overview of rock physics models that link the petrophysical properties to the elastic properties in porous rocks and a review of the most common geostatistical methods to interpolate and simulate multiple realizations of subsurface properties conditioned on a limited number of direct and indirect measurements based on spatial correlation models. The core of the book focuses on Bayesian inverse methods for the prediction of elastic petrophysical properties from seismic data using analytical and numerical statistical methods. The authors present basic and advanced methodologies of the current state of the art in seismic reservoir characterization and illustrate them through expository examples as well as real data applications to hydrocarbon reservoirs and CO2 sequestration studies.

Seismic Reflections of Rock Properties
Seismic Reflections of Rock Properties

Author: Jack Dvorkin

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2014-03-13

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 1107782732

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This book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physics-based forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock properties to seismic amplitude. Providing practical workflows, the book shows how to methodically vary lithology, porosity, rock type, and pore fluids and reservoir geometry, calculate the corresponding elastic properties, and then generate synthetic seismic traces. These synthetic traces can then be compared to actual seismic traces from the field: a similar actual seismic response implies similar rock properties in the subsurface. The book catalogs various cases, including clastic sediments, carbonates, and time-lapse seismic monitoring, and discusses the effect of attenuation on seismic reflections. It shows how to build earth models (pseudo-wells) using deterministic and statistical approaches, and includes case studies based on real well data. A vital guide for researchers and petroleum geologists, in industry and academia, providing sample catalogs of synthetic seismic reflections from a variety of realistic reservoir models.

3-D Seismic Interpretation
3-D Seismic Interpretation

Author: M. Bacon

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2007-10-18

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 1107268702

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3-D seismic data have become the key tool used in the petroleum industry to understand the subsurface. In addition to providing excellent structural images, the dense sampling of a 3-D survey makes it possible to map reservoir quality and the distribution of oil and gas. Topics covered in this book include basic structural interpretation and map-making; the use of 3-D visualisation methods; interpretation of seismic amplitudes, including their relation to rock and fluid properties; and the generation and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets. This new paperback edition includes an extra appendix presenting new material on novel acquisition design, pore pressure prediction from seismic velocity, elastic impedance inversion, and time lapse seismics. Written by professional geophysicists with many years' experience in the oil industry, the book is indispensable for geoscientists using 3-D seismic data, including graduate students and new entrants into the petroleum industry.

Seismic Stratigraphy, Basin Analysis and Reservoir Characterisation
Seismic Stratigraphy, Basin Analysis and Reservoir Characterisation

Author: P.C.H. Veeken

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2006-11-13

Total Pages: 523

ISBN-13: 0080466303

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The interest in seismic stratigraphic techniques to interpret reflection datasets is well established. The advent of sophisticated subsurface reservoir studies and 4D monitoring, for optimising the hydrocarbon production in existing fields, does demonstrate the importance of the 3D seismic methodology. The added value of reflection seismics to the petroleum industry has clearly been proven over the last decades. Seismic profiles and 3D cubes form a vast and robust data source to unravel the structure of the subsurface. It gets nowadays exploited in ever greater detail. Larger offsets and velocity anisotropy effects give for instance access to more details on reservoir flow properties like fracture density, porosity and permeability distribution, Elastic inversion and modelling may tell something about the change in petrophysical parameters. Seismic investigations provide a vital tool for the delineation of subtle hydrocarbon traps. They are the basis for understanding the regional basin framework and the stratigraphic subdivision. Seismic stratigraphy combines two very different scales of observation: the seismic and well-control. The systematic approach applied in seismic stratigraphy explains why many workers are using the principles to evaluate their seismic observations. The here presented modern geophysical techniques allow more accurate prediction of the changes in subsurface geology. Dynamics of sedimentary environments are discussed with its relation to global controling factors and a link is made to high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. ‘Seismic Stratigraphy Basin Analysis and Reservoir Characterisation’ summarizes basic seismic interpretation techniques and demonstrates the benefits of intergrated reservoir studies for hydrocarbon exploration. Topics are presented from a practical point of view and are supported by well-illustrated case histories. The reader (student as well as professional geophysicists, geologists and reservoir engineers) is taken from a basic level to more advanced study techniques. * Overview reflection seismic methods and its limitations.* Link between basic seismic stratigraphic principles and high resolution sequence stratigraphy.* Description of various techniques for seismic reservoir characterization and synthetic modelling.* Overview nversion techniques, AVO and seismic attributes analysis.

Integrating Rock Physics and Seismic Inversion for Reservoir Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico
Integrating Rock Physics and Seismic Inversion for Reservoir Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico

Author: Oyedoyin Opeoluwa Oyetunji

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Seismic amplitude study is a crucial aspect in reservoir characterization as it helps to analyze seismic responses before interpretation. In this study, an attempt was made to identifying the reservoirs present in the High Island field at well locations. Rock physics modeling and seismic inversion were applied in an integrated approach to study the seismic response of these reservoirs and also delineate other hydrocarbon-charged reservoirs in the field. New elastic logs were generated and subsequently used for the rock physics analyses. Rock-property models using well-log data from the study area were evaluated. These models were used in analyzing the sand and shale log response of the study area. Well-log inversion is also carried out by minimizing the difference between modeled and measured logs. The cross-plot analyses from wells successfully distinguished between fluids and lithology effect in the area, these were subsequently confirmed by AVO modeling. The result showed that lower values of Lambda-Rho, Vp/Vs ratio and impedance values correlated with areas containing hydrocarbons. Three-dimensional seismic interpretation was also carried out to provide structural and stratigraphic information of the study area; the horizons reflect structural features including faults which could serve as a trapping mechanism for hydrocarbons. The picked horizons were used to guide the interpolation of the initial model used during seismic inversion. The seismic inversion helped delineate hydrocarbon reservoirs and also aided the propagation of reservoir parameters to include areal extent of the reservoir and to see how this varies within the field.

A Practical Guide to Seismic Reservoir Characterization
A Practical Guide to Seismic Reservoir Characterization

Author: Timothy Tylor-Jones

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-01-11

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 3030998541

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This book covers in detail the entire workflow for quantitative seismic interpretation of subsurface modeling and characterization. It focusses on each step of the geo-modeling workflow starting from data preconditioning and wavelet extraction, which is the basis for the reservoir geophysics described and introduced in the following chapters. This book allows the reader to get a comprehensive insight of the most common and advanced workflows. It aims at graduate students related to energy (hydrocarbons), CO2 geological storage, and near surface characterization as well as professionals in these industries. The reader benefits from the strong and coherent theoretical background of the book, which is accompanied with real case examples.