Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar
Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar

Author: Luc Steels

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 9027204330

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Construction Grammar is enthusiastically embraced by a growing group of linguists who find it a natural way to formulate their analyses. But so far there is no widespread formalization of construction grammar with a solid computational implementation. Fluid Construction Grammar attempts to fill this gap. It is a fully operational computational framework capturing many key concepts in construction grammar. The present book is the first extensive publication describing this framework. In addition to general introductions, it gives a number of concrete examples through a series of linguistically challenging case studies, including phrase structure, case grammar, and modality. The book is suited both for linguists who want to know what Fluid Construction Grammar looks like and for computational linguists who may want to use this computational framework for their own experiments or applications.

Constraint-based Grammar Formalisms
Constraint-based Grammar Formalisms

Author: Stuart M. Shieber

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 9780262193245

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Constraint-Based Grammar Formalisms provides the first rigorous mathematical and computational basis for this important area.

Computing Meaning
Computing Meaning

Author: Harry Bunt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-07-03

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 1402059574

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This book provides an in-depth view of the current issues, problems and approaches in the computation of meaning as expressed in language. Aimed at linguists, computer scientists, and logicians with an interest in the computation of meaning, this book focuses on two main topics in recent research in computational semantics. The first topic is the definition and use of underspecified semantic representations, i.e. formal structures that represent part of the meaning of a linguistic object while leaving other parts unspecified. The second topic discussed is semantic annotation. Annotated corpora have become an indispensable resource both for linguists and for developers of language and speech technology, especially when used in combination with machine learning methods. The annotation in corpora has only marginally addressed semantic information, however, since semantic annotation methodologies are still in their infancy. This book discusses the development and application of such methodologies.

Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches (Fifth revised edition)
Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches (Fifth revised edition)

Author: Stefan Müller

Publisher: Language Science Press

Published: 2023-01-23

Total Pages: 889

ISBN-13: 3961104026

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This book introduces formal grammar theories that play a role in current linguistic theorizing (Phrase Structure Grammar, Transformational Grammar/Government & Binding, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Head-​Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Construction Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar). The key assumptions are explained and it is shown how the respective theory treats arguments and adjuncts, the active/passive alternation, local reorderings, verb placement, and fronting of constituents over long distances. The analyses are explained with German as the object language. The second part of the book compares these approaches with respect to their predictions regarding language acquisition and psycholinguistic plausibility. The nativism hypothesis, which assumes that humans posses genetically determined innate language-specific knowledge, is critically examined and alternative models of language acquisition are discussed. The second part then addresses controversial issues of current theory building such as the question of flat or binary branching structures being more appropriate, the question whether constructions should be treated on the phrasal or the lexical level, and the question whether abstract, non-visible entities should play a role in syntactic analyses. It is shown that the analyses suggested in the respective frameworks are often translatable into each other. The book closes with a chapter showing how properties common to all languages or to certain classes of languages can be captured.

Grammatical theory : From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches
Grammatical theory : From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches

Author: Stefan Müller

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2023-01-04

Total Pages: 890

ISBN-13: 3985540608

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This book introduces formal grammar theories that play a role in current linguistic theorizing (Phrase Structure Grammar, Transformational Grammar/Government & Binding, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Head-​Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, ConstructionGrammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar). The key assumptions are explained and it is shown how the respective theory treats arguments and adjuncts, the active/passive alternation, local reorderings, verb placement, and fronting of constituents over long distances. The analyses are explained with German as the object language. The second part of the book compares these approaches with respect to their predictions regarding language acquisition and psycholinguistic plausibility. The nativism hypothesis, which assumes that humans posses genetically determined innate language-specific knowledge, is critically examined and alternative models of language acquisition are discussed. The second part then addresses controversial issues of current theory building such as the question of flat or binary branching structures being more appropriate, the question whether constructions should be treated on the phrasal or the lexical level, and the question whether abstract, non-visible entities should play a role in syntactic analyses. It is shown that the analyses suggested in the respective frameworks are often translatable into each other. The book closes with a chapter showing how properties common to all languages or to certain classes of languages can be captured.

Incremental Speech Translation
Incremental Speech Translation

Author: Jan W. Amtrup

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2003-06-26

Total Pages: 213

ISBN-13: 3540467610

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Human language capabilities are based on mental proceduresthat are closely linked to the time domain. Listening, understanding,and reacting, on the one hand, as well as planning,formulating,and speaking,onthe other, are performedin a highlyover lapping manner, thus allowing inter human communication to proceed in a smooth and ?uent way. Although it happens to be the natural mode of human language interaction, in cremental processing is still far from becoming a common feature of today’s lan guage technology. Instead, it will certainly remain one of the big challenges for research activities in the years to come. Usually considered dif?cult to a degree that rendersit almost intractableforpracticalpurposes,incrementallanguageprocessing has recently been attracting a steadily growing interest in the spoken language pro cessing community. Its notorious dif?culty can be attributed mainly to two reasons: Due to the inaccessibility of the right context, global optimization criteria are no longer available. This loss must be compensated for by communicating larger search spaces between system components or by introducing appropriate repair mechanisms. In any case, the complexity of the task can easily grow by an order of magnitude or even more. Incrementality is an almost useless feature as long as it remains a local property of individual system components. The advantages of incremental processing can be effectiveonly if all the componentsof a producer consumerchain consistently adhere to the same pattern of temporal behavior.

Robustness in Language and Speech Technology
Robustness in Language and Speech Technology

Author: Jean-Claude Junqua

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 9401597197

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In this book we address robustness issues at the speech recognition and natural language parsing levels, with a focus on feature extraction and noise robust recognition, adaptive systems, language modeling, parsing, and natural language understanding. This book attempts to give a clear overview of the main technologies used in language and speech processing, along with an extensive bibliography to enable topics of interest to be pursued further. It also brings together speech and language technologies often considered separately. Robustness in Language and Speech Technology serves as a valuable reference and although not intended as a formal university textbook, contains some material that can be used for a course at the graduate or undergraduate level.

Constraint Solving and Language Processing
Constraint Solving and Language Processing

Author: Denys Duchier

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-10-12

Total Pages: 187

ISBN-13: 3642415784

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The Constraint Solving and Language Processing (CSLP) workshop considers the role of constraints in the representation of language and the implementation of language processing applications. This theme should be interpreted inclusively: it includes contributions from linguistics, computer science, psycholinguistics and related areas, with a particular interest in interdisciplinary perspectives. Constraints are widely used in linguistics, computer science, and psychology. How they are used, however, varies widely according to the research domain: knowledge representation, cognitive modelling, problem solving mechanisms, etc. These different perspectives are complementary, each one adding a piece to the puzzle.

Handbook of Natural Language Processing
Handbook of Natural Language Processing

Author: Nitin Indurkhya

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2010-02-22

Total Pages: 704

ISBN-13: 142008593X

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The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along with removing outdated material, this edition updates every chapter and expands the content to include emerging areas, such as sentiment analysis.New to the Second EditionGreater

Robust Processing of Spoken Situated Dialogue
Robust Processing of Spoken Situated Dialogue

Author: Pierre Lison

Publisher: Diplomica Verlag

Published: 2010-03

Total Pages: 203

ISBN-13: 3836691132

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Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest for service robots endowed with communicative abilities. Such robots could take care of routine tasks, in homes, offices, schools or hospitals, help disabled or mentally impaired persons, serve as social companions for the elderly, or simply entertain us. They would assist us in our daily life activities. These robots are, by definition, meant to be deployed in social environments, and their capacity to interact naturally with humans is thus a crucial factor. The development of such "talking robots" led to the emergence of a new research field, Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), which draws from a wide range of scientific disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, linguistics and cognitive science. This work focuses on the issue of robust speech understanding - that is, how to process spoken dialogue automatically to extract the intended meaning. The book presents a new approach which combines linguistic resources with statistical techniques and context-sensitive interpretation to achieve both deep and robust spoken dialogue comprehension. The first part of the book provides a general introduction to the field of human-robot interaction and details the major linguistic properties of spoken dialogue, as well as some grammatical formalisms used to analyse them. The second part describes the approach itself, devoting one chapter to context-sensitive speech recognition for HRI, and one chapter to the robust parsing of spoken inputs via grammar relaxation and statistical parse selection. All the algorithms presented are fully implemented, and integrated as part of a distributed cognitive architecture for autonomous robots. A complete evaluation of our approach using Wizard-of-Oz experiments is also provided in this book. The results demonstrate very significant improvements in accuracy and robustness compared to the baseline.