U.S. Conventional Arms Transfer Policy
U.S. Conventional Arms Transfer Policy

Author: W. Richard Wright

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13:

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U.S. Foreign policy, Arms transfers, Security assistance. Abstract: Conventional arms transfers have been the principal pillar of U.S. Security Assistance and an essential element of U.S. foreign policy since World War II. Conventional arms transfers contribution to U.S. national security strategy has, particularly since the demise of the Soviet Union, come under considerable criticism. This study reviews the history of U.S. arms transfer policy, discusses the varied arguments both pro and con, and looks at the future of U.S. arms transfer policy.

Arms Transfers Under Nixon
Arms Transfers Under Nixon

Author: Lewis Sorley

Publisher: University Press of Kentucky

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 9780813132297

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A model of policy analysis, Arms Transfers under Nixon provides a lucid and lively demonstration of how the Nixon administration combined skillful diplomacy and the adroit use of arms transfers to bring about a remarkable series of American foreign policy achievements. The Middle East provides the most dramatic example. Here, the Arab-Israeli military balance was stabilized, Egypt was persuaded and enabled to forsake its heavy dependence upon the Soviet Union, conditions favorable to peace negotiations were arranged, and important interim agreements were brokered by the United States. In the Persian Gulf, the promotion of Iran and Saudi Arabia as effective guarantors of regional stability in the wake of British withdrawal, and maintaining the pro-Western orientation of these governments, are shown to have been essential to crucial United States and Western interests. The dramatic reversal with the collapse of the Shah's government is assessed, as are the causes of that post-Nixon debacle. The battles that accompanied the administration's initiatives -- battles with hostile nations, with allies, with the Congress, and even within the administration -- and the diplomatic and political moves by which opposition was overcome provide the stuff of an exciting and instructive narrative.

Dangerous Trade
Dangerous Trade

Author: Jennifer Erickson

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2015-05-19

Total Pages: 287

ISBN-13: 0231539037

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The United Nations's groundbreaking Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which went into effect in 2014, sets legally binding standards to regulate global arms exports and reflects the growing concerns toward the significant role that small and major conventional arms play in perpetuating human rights violations, conflict, and societal instability worldwide. Many countries that once staunchly opposed shared export controls and their perceived threat to political and economic autonomy are now beginning to embrace numerous agreements, such as the ATT and the EU Code of Conduct. Jennifer L. Erickson explores the reasons top arms-exporting democracies have put aside past sovereignty, security, and economic worries in favor of humanitarian arms transfer controls, and she follows the early effects of this about-face on export practice. She begins with a brief history of failed arms export control initiatives and then tracks arms transfer trends over time. Pinpointing the normative shifts in the 1990s that put humanitarian arms control on the table, she reveals that these states committed to these policies out of concern for their international reputations. She also highlights how arms trade scandals threaten domestic reputations and thus help improve compliance. Using statistical data and interviews conducted in France, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Erickson challenges existing IR theories of state behavior while providing insight into the role of reputation as a social mechanism and the importance of government transparency and accountability in generating compliance with new norms and rules.