Response Strategies and Individual Differences in Multiple-Task Performance
Response Strategies and Individual Differences in Multiple-Task Performance

Author: Diane L. Damos

Publisher:

Published: 1981

Total Pages: 105

ISBN-13:

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Three experiments examining individual differences in multiple-task performance are presented. Experiment I examined whether the response strategies used to perform two discrete information processing tasks reflected individual differences in information processing at high levels of workload or simply were selected at random. Each subject's response strategy first was identified as either a simultaneous, an alternating, or a massed strategy. Then some of the subjects were asked to change strategy. The results indicated that the massed response strategy subjects had less well developed timesharing skills and were not able to process information under multiple-task conditions as well as the other subjects regardless of the response strategy used. The results were interpreted as evidence that response strategies represent fundamental differences in multiple-task information processing. Experiments II and III attempted to locate the source of the differences observed in Experiment I. Experiment II examined the relation between multiple-task performance in two different task combinations and cerebral lateralizatoin, multiple-limb coordination, and four tests of cognitive style. No significant relations were found.

Individual Differences in Dual-Task Performance
Individual Differences in Dual-Task Performance

Author: Diane L. Damos

Publisher:

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 74

ISBN-13:

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Eleven right-handed males participated in an experiment examining individual differences in multiple-task performance. Three task combinations were used in the study. The first was composed of a memory task and a classification task. The second consisted of two identical one-dimensional compensatory tracking tasks. The third was a dichotic listening task. On Day 1 of the experiment the subjects practiced each task alone. On Days 2, 3, and 4 they performed primarily under dual-task conditions. However, periodically dual-task practice was interrupted to reassess single-task performance. All dual-task data were analyzed first to determine when stability occurred. Each subject's stabilized data from the tracking-tracking and memory-classification combinations then were corrected for the appropriate single-task baseline. Finally, the subjects were grouped according to which of three response strategies they used to perform the memory-classification task combination. These strategies were a massed strategy (in which the subject would emit a series of response to one task before responding to the other), an alternating responses strategy, and a simultaneous response strategy. A two-way repeated measures MANOVA conducted on the stabilized adjusted data indicated both a significant effect of trials and groups. Possible sources of the between-group differences are discussed. (Author).

Multiple Task Performance
Multiple Task Performance

Author: D Damos

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-07-24

Total Pages: 486

ISBN-13: 1000162907

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This book deals with theories of multiple-task performance and focuses on learning and performance. It is primarily for professionals in human factors, psychology, or engineering who are interested in multiple-task performance but have no formal training in the area.

Human Performance
Human Performance

Author: D. Roy Davies

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2013-10-23

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 1317799631

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Human Performance provides the student and researcher with a comprehensive and accessible review of performance, in the real world and essential cognitive science theory. Four main sections cover both theoretical and practical issues: Section One outlines the perspectives on performance offered by contemporary cognitive science, including information processing and neuroscience perspectives. Section Two presents a multi-level view of the performer as biological organism, information-processor and intentional agent. It reviews the development of the cognitive theory of performance through experimental studies and also looks at practical issues such as human error. Section Three reviews the impact of stress factors such as noise, fatigue and illness on performance. Section Four assesses individual and group differences in performance with accounts of ability, personality and aging.

Working Memory Capacity
Working Memory Capacity

Author: Nelson Cowan

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2016-04-14

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 1317232380

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The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.

Adaptive Executive Control. Flexible Human Multiple-Task Performance Without Pervasive Immutable Response-Selection Bottlenecks
Adaptive Executive Control. Flexible Human Multiple-Task Performance Without Pervasive Immutable Response-Selection Bottlenecks

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13:

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A new theoretical framework, the EPIC(Executive-Process/Interactive-Control) architecture, provides the basis for accurate detailed computational models of human multiple-task performance. Contrary to the traditional response-selection bottleneck hypothesis, EPIC's cognitive processor can select responses and do other procedural operations simultaneously for multiple concurrent tasks. Using this capacity together with flexible executive control of peripheral perceptual - motor components, EPIC computational models account well for various patterns of mean reaction times, systematic. individual differences in multiple-task performance, and influences of special training on people's task-coordination strategies. These diverse phenomena, and EPIC's success at modeling them, raise strong doubts about the existence of a pervasive immutable response-selection bottleneck in the human information-processing system. The present research therefore helps further characterize the nature of discrete versus continuous information processing.

Lifespan Cognition
Lifespan Cognition

Author: Ellen Bialystok

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 411

ISBN-13: 0195169530

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Aims to create a bridge across cognitive development and cognitive aging. This volume studies the rise and fall of specific cognitive functions, such as attention, executive functioning, memory, working memory, representations, and individual differences to find ways in which the study of development and decline converge on common mechanisms.