Residual Risk, Trading Costs and Commodity Futures Risk Premia
Residual Risk, Trading Costs and Commodity Futures Risk Premia

Author: David A. Hirshleifer

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Trading costs, in the form either of explicit charges or of the costs of becoming informed, limit the participation of some classes of traders in commodity futures markets. When speculators face a fixed cost of participating in a futures market that is used by commodity producers to hedge their stochastic revenues, the futures risk premium deviates from the perfect markets prediction. The deviation rises in absolute value with the square root of the trading cost and with the standard deviation of residual returns, and it is unrelated to the covariance of the futures price with producers' nonmarketable wealths. The residual-risk premium depends not on the total magnitude of the risk that producers hedge (i.e., aggregate revenue variance), but on the variability of their revenue relative to its mean (i.e., the coefficient of variation). Hence, even a commodity that constitutes a minor fraction of aggregate consumption may have a large premium for residual risk if the revenue derived from it has a large coefficient of variation.

Time Varying Risk Premia in Futures Markets
Time Varying Risk Premia in Futures Markets

Author: Mr.Manmohan S. Kumar

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1990-12-01

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 145194196X

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This paper undertakes an econometric investigation into the presence of risk premium in commodity futures markets. The statistical tests are derived from a formal model of asset pricing and are applied to futures prices in a variety of commodity markets. The results suggest that for several commodities there is evidence of a time varying risk premium, particularly in futures contracts maturing six months ahead. The implications of the study for the efficiency of the futures markets and the costs of using these markets for hedging are also noted.

The Commodity Futures Risk Premium
The Commodity Futures Risk Premium

Author: Nemanja [Verfasser] Bacinac

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Commodity futures, as derived instruments from the larger commodity asset class, are playing a very important role in todays globalised economy, with their main task - insuring companies future values of their inputs and/or outputs. From mid-2000s investments in various commodity futures have grown significantly, along with the inherent commodity prices. A great deal of individuals as well as institutional investors have embraced this type of alternative investment instruments for their presupposed equity-like returns, risk premiums, diversification and positive inflation correlation benefits. A commodity futures investor can consistently earn his risk premium in this specific market only if the commodity futures prices are on average determined at a lower level than the expected future spot prices of underlying commodities. Models presented in this paper are in favour of the view that commodity futures investors can be, depending on a time-frame, looking forward to positive risk premiums in commodity futures markets.*****Commodity futures, as derived instruments from the larger commodity asset class, are playing a very important role in todays globalised economy, with their main task - insuring companies future values of their inputs and/or outputs. From mid-2000s investments in various commodity futures have grown significantly, along with the inherent commodity prices. A great deal of individuals as well as institutional investors have embraced this type of alternative investment instruments for their presupposed equity-like returns, risk premiums, diversification and positive inflation correlation benefits. A commodity futures investor can consistently earn his risk premium in this specific market only if the commodity futures prices are on average determined at a lower level than the expected future spot prices of underlying commodities. Models presented in this paper are in favour of the view that commodity futures investors can be, depending on a time-frame, looking forward to positive risk premiums in commodity futures markets.

Determinants of Hedging and Risk Premia in Commodity Futures Markets
Determinants of Hedging and Risk Premia in Commodity Futures Markets

Author: David A. Hirshleifer

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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This paper examines the determinants of commodity futures hedging and of risk premia arising from covariation of the futures price with stock market returns, and with the revenues of producers. Owing to supply shocks that stochastically redistribute real wealth (surplus) between producers and consumers, and to limited participation in the futures market, the total risk premium in the model is not proportional to the contract's covariance with aggregate consumption. Stock market variability interacts with the incentive to hedge, causing the producer hedging component of the risk premium to increase (decrease) with income elasticity, for a normal (inferior) good. Production costs that depend on output raise the premium. We argue that output and demand shocks will typically be positively correlated, raising the premium. High supply elasticity reduces the absolute hedging premium by reducing the variability of spot price and revenue.

Time Varying Risk Premia in Futures Markets
Time Varying Risk Premia in Futures Markets

Author: Graciela Kaminsky

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13:

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This paper undertakes an econometric investigation into the presence of risk premium in commodity futures markets. The statistical tests are derived from a formal model of asset pricing and are applied to futures prices in a variety of commodity markets. The results suggest that for several commodities there is evidence of a time varying risk premium, particularly in futures contracts maturing six months ahead. The implications of the study for the efficiency of the futures markets and the costs of using these markets for hedging are also noted.

An Anatomy of Commodity Futures Risk Premia
An Anatomy of Commodity Futures Risk Premia

Author: Marta Szymanowska

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 73

ISBN-13:

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We identify two types of risk premia in commodity futures returns: spot premia related to the risk in the underlying commodity, and term premia related to changes in the basis. Sorting on forecasting variables such as the futures basis, return momentum, volatility, inflation, hedging pressure, and liquidity, results in sizable spot premia in the high-minus-low sorted portfolios between 5% and 14% per annum and term premia between 1% and 3% per annum. We show that a single factor, the high-minus-low portfolio from basis sorts, explains the cross-section of spot premia. Two additional basis factors are needed to explain the term premia.