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Author: DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Published: 1995-07
Total Pages: 138
ISBN-13: 9780788120121
DOWNLOAD EBOOKProvides national estimates of the total expenditures on R&D performed within the U.S. by industrial firms, whether U.S. or foreign owned. All R&D performing companies are included or represented. Contains over 50 tables.
Author: National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Publisher:
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 172
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIncludes detailed statistical tables.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1993
Total Pages: 46
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 1995-11-22
Total Pages: 107
ISBN-13: 030917600X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2000-03-14
Total Pages: 160
ISBN-13: 0309068924
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe science and engineering enterprise has continued to evolve, responding over the last decade to increased economic globalization, a post-cold war military, federal budget fluctuations, and structural changes in the way science and engineering are conducted and innovations are adopted. This report suggests ways to revise the data collection activities of the Science Resources Studies Division (SRS) of the National Science Foundation to better capture the current realities of R&D funding and S&E human resources. The report's recommendations would improve the relevance of the data on graduate education, the labor market for scientists and engineers, and the funding and conduct of research and development, and thus better meet the data needs of policymakers, managers, and researchers.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2009-05-15
Total Pages: 302
ISBN-13: 0309136628
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRecognizing that a capacity to innovate and commercialize new high-technology products is increasingly a key for the economic growth in the environment of tighter environmental and resource constraints, governments around the world have taken active steps to strengthen their national innovation systems. These steps underscore the belief of these governments that the rising costs and risks associated with new potentially high-payoff technologies, their spillover or externality-generating effects and the growing global competition, require national R&D programs to support the innovations by new and existing high-technology firms within their borders. The National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) has embarked on a study of selected foreign innovation programs in comparison with major U.S. programs. The "21st Century Innovation Systems for the United States and Japan: Lessons from a Decade of Change" symposium reviewed government programs and initiatives to support the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises, government-university- industry collaboration and consortia, and the impact of the intellectual property regime on innovation. This book brings together the papers presented at the conference and provides a historical context of the issues discussed at the symposium.
Author: Albert N. Link
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 231
ISBN-13: 9400925220
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWe must all hang together or surely we will all hang separately. Benjamin Franklin The significant apathy that characterized relationships between indus try and universities and the adversarial nature of relationships between industry and government have both faded rapidly in the 1980s as the realities of global competition have surfaced in the United States. Both industry and government leaders articulate a number of constructs for regaining our competitiveness in world markets. One of the more fre quent strategies prescribed in this new competitiveness era is cooperation. Different individuals or groups may espouse different definitions, inter pretations, or areas of emphasis, but the overall importance of this concept is substantial. Although examples of cooperative research have existed for several decades, the number and variety of relationships have expanded rapidly in the 1980s as corporations, universities, and governments have embraced this strategy. Joint ventures involving two or three firms increased from under 200 per year in the 1970s to over 400 per year by the mid-1980s. Multiple-firm cooperative arrangements are a more recent phenomenon, made possible by the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984. By mid- 1988,81 of these industry-level consortia had formed under the provisions of the 1984 Act. The rapid growth in cooperative research and development (R&D) is primarily a response to the pressures of international competition. As a corporate strategy, cooperative R&D meets short-term needs for assets to implement new approaches for coping with intensifying competition.
Author: Commission on Health Research for Development
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 170
ISBN-13: 9780195208382
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHealth and development. Funding research. Research priorities in developing countries, in industrialized countries and international centers. International research promotion. An agenda for action. Summary of specific-recommendations
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2006
Total Pages: 68
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Congressional Budget Office
Publisher: Lulu.com
Published: 2013-06-09
Total Pages: 65
ISBN-13: 1304121445
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPerceptions that the pace of new-drug development has slowed and that the pharmaceutical industry is highly profitable have sparked concerns that significant problems loom for future drug development. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study-prepared at the request of the Senate Majority Leader-reviews basic facts about the drug industry's recent spending on research and development (R&D) and its output of new drugs. The study also examines issues relating to the costs of R&D, the federal government's role in pharmaceutical research, the performance of the pharmaceutical industry in developing innovative drugs, and the role of expected profits in private firms' decisions about investing in drug R&D. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, the study makes no recommendations. David H. Austin prepared this report under the supervision of Joseph Kile and David Moore. Colin Baker provided valuable consultation...
