This book provides English-speakers with a comprehensive description and incisive critique of the Japanese tax system. The third edition explores the Japanese government's latest round of tax reforms - a reaction to the country's prolonged period of recession following the collapse of the 'bubble' phenomenon in 1991. Two brand new chapters discuss the effect of environmental taxes and land tax reform, and much of the original data and empirical material has been updated.
This open access book evaluates, from an economic perspective, various measures introduced in Japan to prevent climate change. Although various countries have implemented such policies in response to the pressing issue of climate change, the effectiveness of those programs has not been sufficiently compared. In particular, policy evaluations in the Asian region are far behind those in North America and Europe due to data limitations and political reasons. The first part of the book summarizes measures in different sectors in Japan to prevent climate change, such as emissions trading and carbon tax, and assesses their impact. The second part shows how those policies have changed the behavior of firms and households. In addition, it presents macro-economic simulations that consider the potential of renewable energy. Lastly, based on these comprehensive assessments, it compares the effectiveness of measures to prevent climate change in Japan and Western countries. Providing valuable insights, this book will appeal to both academic researchers and policymakers seeking cost-effective measures against climate change.
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
This report presents studies and data available regarding the existence and magnitude of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and contains an overview of global developments that have an impact on corporate tax matters.
Japan's tax system, which has changed notably through periods of war, post-war reconstruction, rapid economic development, and moderated economic growth, provides outstandingly rich material for in-depth study. In this comprehensive and incisive work, Professor Ishi makes available to English-speaking readers both a detailed description and a perceptive critique of that system. Part I introduces the system in historical and contemporary context and sets out its main features. Part II is devoted to individual income tax - the most important of Japan's taxes - and Part III covers corporate and capital taxation. In Part IV, Professor Ishi provides a detailed analysis of the structure of the indirect tax system in Japan, which proved crucial to tax reform movements in the late 1980s, while Part V discusses the significance of recent tax innovations. This fully revised third edition explores the Japanese government's latest round of tax reforms - a reaction to the country's prolonged period of recession following the collapse of the 'bubble' phenomenon in 1991. Two brand new chapters discuss the effect of environmental taxes and land tax reform, and much of the original data and empirical material has been updated. Professor Ishi's unrivalled experience, including his service on the Tax Advisory Commission (most recently as its Chairman), his activities in scholarly international public finance organizations, and his work in teaching and research, notably in the United States, Italy, and Australia, have enabled him to produce an authoritative and stimulating view of Japan's tax system. His book will be invaluable to all scholars of the theory and practice of taxation.
Tax administration improvements have contributed significantly to a doubling of China’s tax-to-GDP ratio and the substantial reduction in taxpayers’ compliance costs since the mid-1990s. This paper describes the key features of China’s tax administration and their evolution over the last 20 years. It also identifes emerging challenges to the tax system and areas where further tax administration improvements are needed to sustain tax revenue and reduce taxpayers’ compliance costs in the future.
The excessive complexity and burden of the Brazilian tax system, riddled by cumulative indirect taxes and heavy payroll contributions, have led to an accumulation of fiscal incentives aimed at reducing its burden on taxpayers and productive activities. Federal and subnational tax expenditures currently stand at over 5 percent of GDP. Rationalizing them can only be comprehensively feasible in the context of a broader sequenced tax reform, and could reduce resource misallocation and income inequality, as well as provide new revenues.
"The global economic and financial crisis has created important needs for fiscal consolidation. This document analyses potential instruments to raise additional tax revenues from the financial sector. The first section reviews the current policy objectives related to the taxation of the financial sector. The second section sheds some light on the current tax treatment of the financial sector. The third section discusses potential tax instruments to reach the goals. The fourth and fifth section respectively assess the advantages and drawbacks of a Financial Transaction Tax and a Financial Activities Tax."--Editor.
