Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering

Author: James R. Mihelcic

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-01-13

Total Pages: 706

ISBN-13: 1118741498

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Environmental Engineering: Fundamentals, Sustainability, Design presents civil engineers with an introduction to chemistry and biology, through a mass and energy balance approach. ABET required topics of emerging importance, such as sustainable and global engineering are also covered. Problems, similar to those on the FE and PE exams, are integrated at the end of each chapter. Aligned with the National Academy of Engineering’s focus on managing carbon and nitrogen, the 2nd edition now includes a section on advanced technologies to more effectively reclaim nitrogen and phosphorous. Additionally, readers have immediate access to web modules, which address a specific topic, such as water and wastewater treatment. These modules include media rich content such as animations, audio, video and interactive problem solving, as well as links to explorations. Civil engineers will gain a global perspective, developing into innovative leaders in sustainable development.

Biodegradability of Surfactants
Biodegradability of Surfactants

Author: D.R. Karsa

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1994-12-31

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 0751402060

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.

Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants
Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants

Author: Sylvia S. Talmage

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-04-08

Total Pages: 387

ISBN-13: 0429610629

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described. Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.

Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering
Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering

Author: James R. Mihelcic

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1999-01-04

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering is the outgrowth of a team-taught course at Michigan Technological University which provides a bridge for a student to move from their basic science and math courses to their introductory and upper level environmental engineering courses which apply those fundamentals to local and global environmental problems. Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering presents those required fundamentals along with close to one hundred applications for a diverse set of relevant environmental situations including multimedia issues encompassing engineered treatment and chemical fate and transport in air, water, and soil. This text is not just intended for students majoring in civil, environmental engineering or environmental science, but for students from a wide variety of disciplines who may work on environmental problems or incorporate environmental concerns into their specialty.

Surfactants in Consumer Products
Surfactants in Consumer Products

Author: Jürgen Falbe

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 568

ISBN-13: 3642715451

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

In to days market, custom formulated surfactants are offered for a wide range of applications. The need for surfactants in detergents, cleaning agents, cosmetics & toiletries is second only to an expanding demand in industrial applications. But even within the non-industrial areas the demands have undergone significant changes in recent years. For example, washing and cleaning temperatures have substantially decreased with increased energy conservation attitudes, and more stringent regulatory requirements in the area of ecology and toxicology are leading to new product profiles. New manufacturing technologies and an increased utilization of natural raw materials also factor into this continuing evolution. These changes and trends have been described in numerous publications. However, a summary and survey of these developments is currently missing. The book presented here "Surfactants in Consumer Products" is intended to close this gap. The editor and authors dedicate this work to Dr. Dr. h.c. Konrad Henkel on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Dr. Henkel, himself a scientist and industrialist, contributed signifi cantly to developments in the surfactant field. In the nineteen-fifties, he initiated the change from soap based detergents to synthetic detergents within Henkel. At the same time, dishwashing detergents utilizing various synthetic surfactants were also developed, and became the basis for modem manual and mechanical dishwashing.