Technical Support Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water
Publisher:
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 344
ISBN-13:
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Regulating Toxic Substances in Surface Water
Author: Jeffrey A. Foran
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 1993-04-13
Total Pages: 194
ISBN-13: 9780873714983
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRegulating Toxic Substances in Surface Water offers a critical examination of the mechanisms used to control, reduce, and eliminate toxic substances and their impacts on aquatic ecosystems and on human health. The book explains how surface water criteria for toxic substances are developed and how criteria are used to control sources of toxic pollutants to surface waters. The book examines the many science-policy decisions that are made during implementation of the Clean Water Act and explores several areas of surface water impairment that have not been addressed by existing regulatory mechanisms. Practical outcomes of decisions as they are implemented on state and federal levels are covered as well. Regulating Toxic Substances in Surface Water will be useful for federal and state water quality regulators, municipal wastewater treatment plant managers, managers of industries that discharge toxic substances to surface waters, environmental consultants, and others interested in the topic.
Risk-Based Waste Classification in California
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 1999-08-14
Total Pages: 235
ISBN-13: 0309065445
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) of the State of California Environmental Protection Agency is in the process of complying with the Regulatory Structure Update. The Regulatory Structure Update is a comprehensive review and refocusing of California's system for identifying and regulating management of hazardous wastes. As part of this effort, the DTSC proposes to change its current waste classification system that categorizes wastes as hazardous or nonhazardous based on their toxicity. Under the proposed system there would be two risk-based thresholds rather than the single toxicity threshold currently used to distinguish between the wastes. Wastes that contain specific chemicals at concentrations that exceed the upper threshold will be designated as hazardous; those below the lower threshold will be nonhazardous; and those with chemical concentrations between the two thresholds will be "special" wastes and subject to variances for management and disposal. The proposed DTSC system combines toxicity information with short or long-term exposure information to determine the risks associated with the chemicals. Under section 57004 of the California Health and Safety Code, the scientific basis of the proposed waste classification system is subject to external scientific peer review by the National Academy of Sciences, the University of California, or other similar institution of higher learning or group of scientists. This report addresses that regulatory requirement.
Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2009-09-06
Total Pages: 338
ISBN-13: 0309136997
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
The Changing Environment
Author: James W. Moore
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 247
ISBN-13: 146124952X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environmental management. Each volume is a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental objective of these books is to help the reader discern and implement man's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable resources. For we must strive to understand the relationship between man and nature, act to bring harmony to it, and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other individual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance and the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to man, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water, and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management. It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem.
Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water
Author: Ingrid Chorus
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2021-03-08
Total Pages: 701
ISBN-13: 1000262049
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCyanobacterial toxins are among the hazardous substances most widely found in water. They occur naturally, but concentrations hazardous to human health are usually due to human activity. Therefore, to protect human health, managing lakes, reservoirs and rivers to prevent cyanobacterial blooms is critical. This second edition of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water presents the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins as well as their impacts on health through water-related exposure pathways, chiefly drinking-water and recreational activity. It provides scientific and technical background information to support hazard identification, assessment and prioritisation of the risks posed by cyanotoxins, and it outlines approaches for their management at each step of the water-use system. It sets out key practical considerations for developing management strategies, implementing efficient measures and designing monitoring programmes. This enables stakeholders to evaluate whether there is a health risk from toxic cyanobacteria and to mitigate it with appropriate measures. This book is intended for those working on toxic cyanobacteria with a specific focus on public health protection. It intends to empower professionals from different disciplines to communicate and cooperate for sustainable management of toxic cyanobacteria, including public health workers, ecologists, academics, and catchment and waterbody managers. Ingrid Chorus headed the department for Drinking-Water and Swimming-Pool Hygiene at the German Environment Agency. Martin Welker is a limnologist and microbiologist, currently with bioMérieux in Lyon, France.
Office of Water Policy and Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria
Author: Martha G. Prothro
Publisher:
Published: 1993
Total Pages: 58
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis memorandum transmits Office of Water policy and guidance on the interpretation and implementation of aquatic life criteria for the management of metals. This issue covers a number of areas including the expression of aquatic life criteria, total maximum daily loads, permits, effluent monitoring and compliance, and ambient monitoring.
Copper in Drinking Water
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2000-04-12
Total Pages: 161
ISBN-13: 0309172209
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level. The National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for public health are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.
Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 1999-02-25
Total Pages: 293
ISBN-13: 0309062977
DOWNLOAD EBOOKNaturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.
