Regulating Hedge Funds in the EU

Regulating Hedge Funds in the EU

Author: Alexandros Seretakis

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2022-01-13

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 940353513X

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Hedge funds remain the most controversial vehicles of the alternative investment funds universe. Their opaque nature, alleged role in major crises around the world and perceived lack of investor protection have repeatedly led to calls for greater regulation. Yet despite its tremendous growth, the hedge fund industry is still shrouded in a veil of mystery largely due to the highly complex and dynamic trading strategies employed by hedge funds and the scarcity of information about them. For the first time in one comprehensive volume, this concise but thorough guide explains how hedge funds work, analyses risk, compares the European Union (EU) and United States (US) systems and proposes reforms to the European framework in order to improve its resilience. Focusing on the contribution of the hedge fund industry to systemic risk, the author elucidates the complex world of hedge funds and the legal issues linked to it. The analysis proceeds as follows: introduction to the world of hedge funds – definition, main characteristics, organizational structure, investment strategies, and benefits; deeply informed exploration of the dangers posed by hedge funds; documentation and examination of the major incidents connecting hedge funds and financial crises; rationales for regulation of hedge funds; comparison of relevant legislative developments in the US and EU; and proposals for strengthening the current EU supervisory and regulatory framework. Guiding legislation, such as the EU Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive and the US Dodd-Frank Act, is analysed, along with topical issues such as hedge fund activism. Because the direction that hedge fund regulation takes in the future has implications for the Eurozone and systemic risk in the wider financial system, this book will be of immeasurable value to professionals in both the legal and business communities. It will be welcomed by corporate lawyers, regulatory authorities, policymakers and academics in both business-related and finance-related disciplines.


Hedge Fund Regulation in the European Union

Hedge Fund Regulation in the European Union

Author: Phoebus Athanassiou

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2009-04-14

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 904114465X

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While hedge funds have been part and parcel of the global asset management landscape for well over fifty years, it is only relatively recently that they came to prominence as one of the fastest growing and most vigorous sub-sectors of the financial services industry. Despite their growing significance for global and European financial markets, hedge funds continue enjoying a sui generis regulatory status. The ongoing credit crisis and its lessons for the wisdom of unregulated or loosely regulated pockets of financial activity raise, with renewed urgency, the issue of deciding how long for the relative regulatory immunity of hedge funds is to be tolerated in the name of financial innovation. This well-thought-out book, the first of its kind in this particular field, examines the case for the European onshore hedge fund industry’s regulation, making concrete proposals for its normative future. Following a detailed account of the ‘established’ regulatory systems in Ireland and Luxembourg, as well as of the ‘emerging’ hedge fund jurisdictions in Italy, France, Spain and Germany, and of the regulatory treatment of hedge funds in the UK, this book examines to what extent the continuing exclusion of hedge funds from harmonized European regulation is defensible, whether their differences to traditional asset management products justify their distinct regulatory treatment and, ultimately, if their EU-wide regulation is possible and, if so, what form this should take. This book offers enormously valuable insights into all facets of the subject of the regulation of hedge funds, including: the legitimacy of the public policy interest in their activities; the conceptual underpinnings and systemic stability emphasis of a realistic hedge fund regulatory scheme; the main parameters of a workable onshore hedge fund regulatory framework; the role of investor protection and market integrity as part of a holistic hedge fund regulatory scheme; the possible use of the UCITS framework as a foundation for the EU-wide regulation of hedge funds; the MiFID’s impact on the regulatory future of the European hedge fund industry; existing cross-jurisdictional differences and similarities in the normative treatment of hedge funds within the EU; hitherto initiatives and recommendations of the Community institutions and bodies; and the need for more efficient co-operation and information-sharing arrangements amongst national supervisors for the monitoring of the cross-border risks inherent in the activities of hedge funds. As the first ever comprehensive account of the profile, main features and normative future of the contemporary global and European hedge fund markets – including a systematic inquiry into the conceptual underpinnings of hedge fund regulation and a detailed examination of the European hedge fund industry’s treatment under Community and domestic law – this book represents a major contribution to the literature on hedge funds and their regulation which, through its concrete proposals for the onshore industry’s regulation and its clear analysis of the conditions necessary for their implementation, should be of extraordinary value to policymakers, supervisors and academics alike.


The Regulation of Hedge Funds

The Regulation of Hedge Funds

Author: Ana Maria Fagetan

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-12-28

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 3030637069

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This book analyses elements of international finance, comparing the regulation of hedge funds in United States, Europe, the UK, and off-shore jurisdictions in the aftermath of the financial crisis. It critically compares the Dodd- Frank Act in US with the Alternative Investment Funds Managers Directive in Europe. Moreover, it goes further by analyzing the implementation of the AIFM Directive in seven jurisdictions in Europe famous for the incorporation of hedge funds: the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Ireland, Malta, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. The book also analyses the effect of Brexit on the legislation in the UK regarding the application of the directive and the distribution of financial products in Continental Europe, and will be of particular interest to researchers, academics, and students of international finance and financial regulation.


Regulating Hedge Funds in the EU? The Case Against the AIFM Directive

Regulating Hedge Funds in the EU? The Case Against the AIFM Directive

Author: Alexandros L. Seretakis

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 6

ISBN-13:

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The present article aims to offer a critique of the recent efforts to regulate hedge funds in the EU and illustrate the shortcomings of the EU's regulatory spree in the field of hedge fund regulation. The analysis suggests that the adoption of the AIFM Directive was not preceded by any thoughtful analysis of the risks emanating from the hedge fund industry but was rather the culmination of the EU's leading Member States, namely France's and Germany's, desire to impose a stricter regulatory regime on hedge funds. The rationales underpinning the adoption of the Directive are the protection of investors and the safeguarding of financial stability. On the one hand, the mandatory investor protection provisions of the Directive impose unnecessary costs on hedge funds managers and sophisticated investors who are unable to enter into mutually beneficial bargains. On the other hand, the provisions of the Directive seeking to tackle systemic risk utterly fail their goal to safeguard financial stability.


Alternative Investment Funds in Europe

Alternative Investment Funds in Europe

Author: Lodewijk Van Setten

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2014-02

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780199657728

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The first detailed analysis of the legal and practical implications of the AIFMD at regional and national level.


Hedge Fund Regulation in Europe and Its Impact on Switzerland

Hedge Fund Regulation in Europe and Its Impact on Switzerland

Author: Karin Bosshard

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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This thesis aims to examine the legal and economic impact of the European Union's Alternative Investment Fund Manager Directive (AIFMD) on the Swiss hedge fund landscape in order to understand how the Swiss policy maker can ideally react to the changed regulatory framework in the European Union. The legal impact of the AIFMD on Swiss hedge fund managers and advisors is derived from the interpreting relevant legislative texts and is supplemented by the opinions of experts. An economic analysis contains an evaluation of the options available to hedge fund managers or advisors for reacting to the changes in the Swiss legal framework, supported by estimations of industry experts, hedge fund managers and advisors. An empirical analysis tested the hypotheses derived from the evaluation's findings in order to enhance the validity of this thesis' results. The data was gained from a survey conducted amongst hedge fund managers and advisors in Switzerland. The legal analysis found that the AIFMD requires Switzerland to adapt its laws to an equivalent level until 2013 provided that Switzerland wants to maintain market access to the European Union's alternative investment market. A first proposal of the Federal Department of Finance incorporated the requirements of the AIFMD into the Swiss Collective Investment Schemes Act (draft CISA) implying a significant change to the regulatory framework for hedge funds in Switzerland. The draft foresees that the management of offshore hedge funds - irrespective of their size - and the distribution of offshore hedge funds to qualified investors will become subjects to FINMA authorisation. Additionally, the draft de facto prohibits the active distribution of offshore hedge funds in Switzerland. The economic analysis found that the changing legal framework is likely to trigger a trend towards onshore structures of hedge fund vehicles and their managers. Thereby Swiss hedge fund managers prefer EU domicile.


The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive

The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive

Author: Dirk A. Zetzsche

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2015-09-14

Total Pages: 948

ISBN-13: 9041149953

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Apart from MiFID, the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) may be the most important European asset management regulation of the early twenty-first century. In this in-depth analytical and critical discussion of the content and system of the directive, thirty-eight contributing authors – academics, lawyers, consultants, fund supervisors, and fund industry experts – examine the AIFMD from every angle. They cover structure, regulatory history, scope, appointment and authorization of the manager, the requirements for depositaries and prime brokers, rules on delegation, reporting requirements, transitional provisions, and the objectives stipulated in the recitals and other official documents. The challenging implications and contexts they examine include the following: – connection with systemic risk and the financial crisis; - nexus with insurance for negligent conduct; - connection with corporate governance doctrine; - risk management; - transparency; - the cross-border dimension; - liability for lost assets; - impact on alternative investment strategies, and - the nexus with the European Regulation on Long-Term Investment Funds (ELTIFR). Nine country reports, representing most of Europe’s financial centres and fund markets add a national perspective to the discussion of the European regulation. These chapters deal with the potential interactions among the AIFMD and the relevant laws and regulations of Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, The Netherlands, Malta and the United Kingdom. The second edition of the book continues to deliver not only the much-needed discussion of the inconsistencies and difficulties when applying the directive, but also provides guidance and potential solutions to the problems it raises. The second edition considers all new developments in the field of alternative investment funds, their managers, depositaries, and prime brokers, including, but not limited to, statements by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and national competent authorities on the interpretation of the AIFMD, as well as new European regulation, in particular the PRIIPS Regulation, the ELTIF Regulation, the Regulation on European Venture Capital Funds (EuVeCaR), the Regulation on European Social Entrepreneurship Funds (EUSEFR), MiFID II, and UCITS V. The book will be warmly welcomed by investors and their counsel, fund managers, depositaries, asset managers, administrators, as well as regulators and academics in the field.


EU Hedge Fund Regulation

EU Hedge Fund Regulation

Author: Alexandros L. Seretakis

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 17

ISBN-13:

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Despite the tremendous growth of the hedge fund sector in Europe, the world of hedge funds is still shrouded in a veil of mystery. Politicians and regulators have regularly criticized the hedge fund industry for threatening financial stability. The present article aims at assessing the systemic risk posed by hedge funds and offering a general framework for the regulation of hedge funds in the Eurozone which may pose financial stability risks. In particular, this article will argue in favor of allocating supervisory responsibility for large systemically important hedge funds to the ECB.


Research Handbook on Hedge Funds, Private Equity and Alternative Investments

Research Handbook on Hedge Funds, Private Equity and Alternative Investments

Author: Phoebus Athanassiou

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2012-01-01

Total Pages: 521

ISBN-13: 184980608X

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This unique and detailed Handbook provides a comprehensive source of analysis and research on alternative investment funds in the EU, the US and other leading jurisdictions. Expert contributors offer an unparalleled perspective on the contemporary alternative funds industry, the main areas of regulatory policy concern surrounding its activities, and the role that alternative funds have played in recent financial crises, as well as an account of the rules governing their operation in selected jurisdictions. Providing insight and analysis of the contemporary investment funds industry at a time of crisis and transition, the Research Handbook on Hedge Funds, Private Equity and Alternative Investments will be a valuable tool for scholars, practitioners and policymakers alike.


Hedge Funds

Hedge Funds

Author: Florentino Carreno

Publisher: Globe Law and Business Limited

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781787423060

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This second edition, outlining key trends in the global hedge fund industry, has been updated reflecting the complexity of the markets following the implementation of transparency and application of new technologies. It reviews latest structuring and governance models, as well as operational, litigation, enforcement and key regulatory initiatives i