Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, basic parameters, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marks, packaging, transportation and storage FOR single-stage reciprocating refrigerant compressor AND single-stage reciprocating refrigerant compressor unit. This Standard applies to single-stage reciprocating refrigerant compressor and single-stage reciprocating refrigerant compressor unit. This Standard does not apply to the compressor (unit) that uses R744 as refrigerant and the compressor (unit) in the following products: - household refrigerators and household freezers; - refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment for transportation and special purpose.
Machinery Directive & Harmonised Standards Directive 2006/42/EC(*) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast) with last comunication references of harmonised standards(**) which have been generated by the HAS (Harmonised standards) database. Directive 2006/42/EC is a revised version of the Machinery Directive, the first version of which was adopted in 1989. The Directive has the dual aim of harmonising the health and safety requirements applicable to machinery on the basis of a high level of protection of health and safety, while ensuring the free circulation of machinery on the EU market. The machinery sector is an important part of the engineering industry and is one of the industrial mainstays of the Community economy. Machinery can be described as "an assembly, fitted with or intended to be fitted with a drive system other than directly applied human or animal effort, consisting of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, and which are joined together for a specific application". European Commission Enterprice and Industry (*) Amendment: Directive 2009/127/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 amending Directive 2006/42/EC with regard to machinery for pesticide application. (**)Harmonised standards 02.03.2021 Since 1 December 2018 the references of harmonised standards are published in, and withdrawn from the Official Journal of the European Union by means of 'Commission implementing decisions'. The references published under Directive 2006/42/EC on Machinery are found in the Commission communication published in OJ C 092 of 9 March 2018 and in the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/436 of 18 March 2019 (OJ L 75, 19 March 2019), in the Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1766 of 23 October 2019 (OJ L L 270/94 del 24 October 2019) and in the Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1863 of 6 November 2019 (OJ L 286/25 07 November 2019) listed below. They need to be read together, taking into account that the decision modifies some references published in the Communication. - Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/377 of 2 March 2021 amending Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/436 on harmonised standards for machinery drafted in support of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 72/12 03 March 2021) - Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2020/480 of 1 April 2020 amending Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/436 on harmonised standards for machinery drafted in support of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 102/6 02 April 2020) - Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1863 of 6 November 2019 amending and correcting Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/436 as regards the withdrawal of references of harmonised standards for machinery from the Official Journal of the European Union (OJ L 286/25 07 November 2019) - Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1766 of 23 October 2019 amending Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/436 as regards harmonised standard EN ISO 19085- 3:2017 for numerically controlled boring and routing machines (OJ L L 270/94 del 24 October 2019) - Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/436 of 18 March 2019 on the harmonised standards for machinery drafted in support of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council C/2019/1932 - OJ L 75, 19 March 2019, p. 108–119 - Commission communication in the framework of the implementation of the Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast) - OJ C 092 of 9 March 2018
This handy reference source, is a companion volume to the author’s Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment. Heavily illustrated, and containing a wealth of useful data, it offers inspectors, engineers, operatives, and those maintaining engineering equipment a one stop everyday package of information. It will be particularly helpful in guiding users through the legislation that regulates this field. Legislation has very important implications for works inspection and in-service inspection of mechanical plant. An Engineers’ Guide to Rotating Equipment is packed with information, technical data, figures, tables and checklists. Details of relevant technical standards, the legislation and Accepted Codes of Practice (AcoPs) published by various bodies such as HSE and SAFed, are provided in addition to a number of website addresses and contact details. COMPLETE CONTENTS: Engineering fundamentals Bending, torsion, and stress Motion and dynamics Rotating machine fundamentals: Vibration, balancing, and noise Machine elements Fluid mechanics Centrifugal pumps Compressors and turbocompressors Prime movers Draught plant Basic mechanical design Materials of construction The machinery directives Organisations and associations.
This Standard specifies the method for determination of the specific surface area of metallic powder. This Standard applies to the determination of the specific surface area of metallic powder. The determination range is 0.1 m2/g~1000 m2/g. The determination of the specific surface area of non-metallic powder and microporous materials may also refer to it for use. The specific surface area determined in this Standard is the total specific surface area of the powder, including any open specific surface area where nitrogen molecules can enter the powder body. It is different from the specific surface area measured by the air permeation method, which refers to the envelope surface area.
The 2002 assessment report, produced under the Montreal Protocol on ozone depleting substances, finds that technical progress has been made by the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump industry to comply with requirements to phase out CFCs and in several applications, HCFCs as well. However, there is still a significant amount of installed refrigeration equipment still using CFCs and HCFCs, and so service demand remains high and is best minimised by preventive service, containment, retrofit, recovery and recycling.
This part applies to the design and manufacture of refrigeration systems including piping, components, materials and auxiliary equipment directly connected to the system; specifies the requirements for testing, operation, marking and documentation of the refrigeration system. For heat transfer fluids that are not gaseous under atmospheric pressure, the requirements for the heat transfer fluid circuit do not belong to the scope of this part, but this part still applies to any safety devices related to the refrigeration system. This part does not apply to refrigeration systems using air or water as refrigerants, nor does it include requirements for refrigeration equipment used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
