The reduction of nitro compounds by the use of platinum oxide-platinum black as a catalyst, and the conditions necessary for satisfactory yields by Adams and co-workers at the University of Illinois in 1927. They have made studies of the relative rates of reduction when two reducible groups are present. The reduction of compounds in which three potentially reducible groups are present, and the reduction of organic compounds containing both aliphatic and aromatic nitro groups have been studied in this work.
The work described in this paper is a continuation of that started in this laboratory last year by James W. Ferguson (1). While the use of platinum oxide is only recent (since 1922 (2)) hydrogenation of a large number of nitro compounds using platinum black catalyst has been studied. It has been pointed out in Ferguson0́9s thesis (1) that a study of the hydrogenation of a compound containing both an aliphatic and an aromatic nitro group would be particularly informative. It was found necessary to synthesize such a compound as none available were suitable for the purpose. In this paper the reductions of nitromethane and of the compound made by Ferguson are described.
Catalytic reductions of nitro compounds using platinum black and platinum oxide as catalysts have been studied for some time. Attempts have been made to determine the steps of the reduction of both aliphatic nitro and aromatic nitro groups in presence of other potentially reducible groups, such as ketone, aldehyde, and ethylene linkage. Studies have been made of the reduction of compounds containing two nitro groups on the benzene ring. In none of these studies, however, have any attempts been made to find data concerning the relative rates of reduction of a compound containing both an aromatic and an aliphatic nitro group until Ferguson in this laboratory synthesized such a compound (Îø-m-nitrophenyl- r-nitrobutyrophenone) in 1931. Both Ferguson and Dutton did some work on the complete reduction of this compound but very little on the partial reduction. The purpose of this piece of work was to study more fully the complete reduction and partial reduction of Îø-m-nitrophenyl-nitrobutyrophenone. With the completion of the study of this compound, a new compound containing the nitro group in a different position on the benzene ring and having a chlorine atom also on the ring should yield some interesting data when reduced.
Like most supplement volumes of the platinum-group metal series,Platinum Suppl. Vol. A 1 has been written by an international team of specialists. It comprises technological data of all six platinum-group metals and their technically relevant alloys and compounds. The volume starts with a review on the recovery of the platinum-group metals (23 pages); the next 42 pages are devoted to processes for separating and refining the PGM in order to obtain metals of high purity. The electrodeposition of the PGM and their alloys is treated on 26 pages.The by far most extensive section deals with PGMand their alloys and compounds in catalysis. After a historicalsurvey and alist of important reviewson PGMcatalysis,the catalytic properties of the metals are treated in a general way, followed by unsupported metals and alloys including preparation of catalysts and their reactions in various industrial processes. The role of supported metals and alloys is described in asimilar manner. This isfollowed byan extensive description of the preparation and the reactions of PGM compounds with various nonmetals and their catalytically active role in a number of industrial processes (226 pages). The last chapter (21 pages) is a compilation of data on the medical use of cytostatic platinum compounds. Gelnhausen, December 1985 Kurt Swars IX Table of Contents Page Technology ofthe Platinum-Group Metals. ............................... 1 1 Review on the Recovery ofthe Platinum-Group Metals . 1.1 Historical Perspective , , , . Period of Discovery, 1750 to 1820 , , . First Industrial Period 1820 to 1900 , , , .
Prior to 1979, consideration of the problem of the carcinogenicity of the aromatic amine class of chemicals took place primarily in poster sessions and symposia of annual meetings of the American Association for Cancer Research and analogous international associations. In November 1979 the first meeting concerned with the aromatic amines was held in Rockville, Haryland under primary sponsorship of the National Cancer Institute. The proceedings from this meeting were published as Monograph 58 of the Journal of the National Cancel' Institute in 1981. The second meeting in this series, the Second International Conference on N-Substituted Aryl Compounds, was held in March/April of 1982 in Hot Springs, Arkansas. The National Cancer Institute and The National Center for Toxicological Research were the primary sponsors of this meeting. The proceedings were published as Volume 49 of the journal En-vil'onmental Health Perspectives in 1983. The third meeting in this series was held in April of 1987 at the Dearborn Hyatt in Dearborn, Michigan. The principal sponsor of this meeting was the Heyer L. Pre ntis Comprehensive Cancer Center of Metropolitan Detroit. The proceedings, Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Responses to Aromatic Amines and Nitroal'enes, were published in 1987 by Elsevier Press. The fourth meeting was held in Cleveland, Ohio, on July 15-19, 1989.
