Many of the world's most serious agricultural pests are highly migratory. Through the use of special-purpose radars we are provided with insights into their movement and how they learn about and navigate through their environment. This text examines the behaviour and regional variations of these species, as well as the altitude of migration, concentration of insects in layers and how they respond to large and small-scale wind systems. The book relates radar observation of insect movement to complementary and competing methodologies and surveys its capabilities and limitations. It also deals wi
This book (10 chapters) covers radar entomology and its application in the study and monitoring of insect flight and migration. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to both radar and the biological phenomena that entomologists have studied with radars. An outline of alternative and complementary methods for studying insect movement and a brief historical account of developments in the field are included. Chapter 2 introduces the fundamentals of remote sensing and briefly summarizes some entomological applications of it that do not involve radio technology. The technique and theory underlying radar entomology are covered in chapters 3-8, whereas the principal biological findings that have resulted from the use of radar technology are discussed in chapters 9-14. This book is intended primarily for entomologists, although this publication may also be useful to behaviourists, ecologists, biometeorologists, radar ornithologists and radar meteorologists.
This book chiefly addresses the analysis and design of geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) systems, focusing on the algorithms, analysis, methods used to compensate for ionospheric influences, and validation experiments for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Further, it investigates special problems in the GEO SAR context, such as curved trajectories, the Earth’s rotation, the ‘non-stop-and-go’ model, high-order Doppler parameters, temporal-variant ionospheric errors etc. These studies can also be extended to SAR with very high resolution and long integration time. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, scientists and engineers in SAR and advanced graduate students in related areas will greatly benefit from this book.
Knowledge of insect movement, particularly of flight, is crucial to our understanding of the great ecological and evolutionary success of insects. The last 20 years have seen many advances in this subject area. New fields have arisen, such as metapopulation theory, and dramatic developments have taken place in methods of studying movement, as a result of new techniques in molecular biology and radar monitoring. There have also been advances in our knowledge of flight-related physiology and behaviour. This book, which is based on the main papers presented at the Royal Entomological Society's 20th Symposium held in September 1999, brings us up to date with these developments.It contains chapters on:flight mechanismsforaging movementsmigrationthe evolution of movement strategiesthe interactions between dispersal rates, population structure and gene flow the effects of climate change on geographical distributionIt is essential reading for entomologists, and of interest to those researching animal behaviour, physiology, ecology and genetics.
Several Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches are available for managing pests of varied kinds, including individual and integrated methods for pest suppression. Recently the focus has shifted to pest management tools that act on insect systems selectively, are compatible with the environment, and are not harmful for ecosystems. Other approaches target specific biochemical and physiological aspects of insect metabolism, and involve biotechnological and genetic manipulation. Still other approaches include the use of nanotechnology, endophytes, optical and sonic manipulation to detect and control pest insects. Unfortunately, conventional forms of pest management do not focus on technology transfer to the ground level workers and farmers. As a result, farmers are incurring huge losses of crops and revenues. This book highlights the importance of using communication tools in pest management and demonstrates some success stories of utilizing automated unmanned technologies in this context. The content is divided into three sections, the first of which, “Pest Population Monitoring: Modern Tools,” covers long and short-range pest population monitoring techniques and tools such as satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, remote sensing, digital tools like GIS, GPS for mapping, lidar, mobile apps, software systems, artificial diet designs and functional diversity of info-chemicals. The second section of the book is devoted to “Emerging Areas in Pest Management” and offers a glimpse of diversified tactics that have been developed to contain and suppress pest populations such as endophytes, insect vectors of phytoplasma, Hymenopterans parasitoids, mass production and utilization of NPV etc. In turn, the third section focuses on “Integrated Pest Management” and presents farming situations that illustrate how research in diversified aspects has helped to find solutions to specific pest problems, and how some new and evolving tactics can be practically implemented. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for entomology and plant pathology researchers, students of zoology and plant protection, and readers whose work involves agriculture, horticulture, forestry and other ecosystems.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
In recent years, the world has been changing considerably. Within the many obstacles, barriers, and opportunities, three significant challenges should be considered for the future planning of our territories and cities: seeking to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), facing climate change, and performing a shift towards digitalization. Considering these three challenges, we can work toward a more sustainable future for the environment. The Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization elaborates on sustainability issues in the planning and development field regarding the environment. This text promotes understanding about the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities for the new decade regarding our common future planning. Covering topics such as circular economy, economic-ecological principles, and sustainable resilience, this book is essential for academicians, researchers, policymakers, environmentalists, scientists, technicians, decision makers, practitioners, and students.
Knowledge of the flight behaviour of migrant insect pests is essential for an understanding of their population dynamics, which in turn determine the design of efficient management strategies. This bulletin provides a detailed review of the development of radar entomology, spanning the last 30 years, and its contribution to the study of major insect pests of agriculture and human health in the developing world. Pests include grasshoppers and locusts, the African armyworm, rice brown planthopper and other rice pests, the old world bollworm and some mosquito vectors of human diseases.
