America Becoming
America Becoming

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2001-01-25

Total Pages: 523

ISBN-13: 0309172489

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The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today? In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including: Race and ethnicity in criminal justice. Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Trends in minority-owned businesses. Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification. Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood." Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities. Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults. Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military. Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity. The changing meaning of race. Changing racial attitudes. This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends, Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers.

Racial Discrimination and Minority Business Enterprise
Racial Discrimination and Minority Business Enterprise

Author: Jon S. Wainwright

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-01-14

Total Pages: 171

ISBN-13: 1135688664

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Using a large microdata sample from the most recent decennial census, this book documents the economic disparities facing minority-owned business owners relative to non-minorities. The book incorporates a wide range of geographic and industrial categories and demonstrates that these disparities persist even when other important factors such as education, experience, wealth and family structure are held constant. Self-employed business owners comprise an important and growing sector of the U.S. economy. In contrast to wage workers, the issue of discrimination against minority business owners has received little attention from economists. However, recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions have made the continued constitutionality of affirmative action in public sector purchasing and contracting contingent upon documenting the existence of discrimination against such businesses within relevant geographic or industrial boundaries. The author shows that among prime working age males, being an entrepreneur is a relatively more lucrative form of employment, on average, than working for a wage. Typically, however, non-Hispanic whites become entrepreneurs at much higher rates and receive much higher earnings than their black, Hispanic, and Native American counterparts. The author's findings of racial and ethnic disparities are strongest for black and Native American entrepreneurs. Positive levels of discrimination facing Hispanic and Asian entrepreneurs are also documented. The book also includes discussion of relevant Supreme Court decisions, how economists attempt to measure discrimination and the major sources of data available for studying minority business enterprise.

Minority Business Success
Minority Business Success

Author: Leonard Greenhalgh

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 2011-02-28

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 0804777470

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In Minority Business Success, authors Leonard Greenhalgh and James Lowry chart a path for the full participation of minority businesses in the U.S. economy. Today, minorities are well on their way to becoming the majority of our workforce and a large part of our entrepreneurial endeavors; their full contribution is essential to national competitive advantage in a global economy. The beginning of this book summarizes demographic changes in America and shows why it's in the national interest to foster the survival, prosperity, and growth of minority-owned businesses. The authors outline why these businesses are vital to the solution to our current economic woes. Next, the book turns to what minority firms must do to take their place in major value chains, and, finally, the book examines what governments, corporations, and support organizations ought to be doing to foster minority inclusion. In total, Greenhalgh and Lowry lay out a new paradigm for developing minority businesses so that they can fully contribute to our national competitive advantage and prosperity.

Flatlining
Flatlining

Author: Adia Harvey Wingfield

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 2019-07-02

Total Pages: 217

ISBN-13: 0520971787

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What happens to black health care professionals in the new economy, where work is insecure and organizational resources are scarce? In Flatlining, Adia Harvey Wingfield exposes how hospitals, clinics, and other institutions participate in “racial outsourcing,” relying heavily on black doctors, nurses, technicians, and physician assistants to do “equity work”—extra labor that makes organizations and their services more accessible to communities of color. Wingfield argues that as these organizations become more profit driven, they come to depend on black health care professionals to perform equity work to serve increasingly diverse constituencies. Yet black workers often do this labor without recognition, compensation, or support. Operating at the intersection of work, race, gender, and class, Wingfield makes plain the challenges that black employees must overcome and reveals the complicated issues of inequality in today’s workplaces and communities.

The Color of Money
The Color of Money

Author: Mehrsa Baradaran

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2017-09-14

Total Pages: 382

ISBN-13: 0674982304

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“Read this book. It explains so much about the moment...Beautiful, heartbreaking work.” —Ta-Nehisi Coates “A deep accounting of how America got to a point where a median white family has 13 times more wealth than the median black family.” —The Atlantic “Extraordinary...Baradaran focuses on a part of the American story that’s often ignored: the way African Americans were locked out of the financial engines that create wealth in America.” —Ezra Klein When the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863, the black community owned less than 1 percent of the total wealth in America. More than 150 years later, that number has barely budged. The Color of Money seeks to explain the stubborn persistence of this racial wealth gap by focusing on the generators of wealth in the black community: black banks. With the civil rights movement in full swing, President Nixon promoted “black capitalism,” a plan to support black banks and minority-owned businesses. But the catch-22 of black banking is that the very institutions needed to help communities escape the deep poverty caused by discrimination and segregation inevitably became victims of that same poverty. In this timely and eye-opening account, Baradaran challenges the long-standing belief that black communities could ever really hope to accumulate wealth in a segregated economy. “Black capitalism has not improved the economic lives of black people, and Baradaran deftly explains the reasons why.” —Los Angeles Review of Books “A must read for anyone interested in closing America’s racial wealth gap.” —Black Perspectives

Black Enterprise
Black Enterprise

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1986-11

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13:

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BLACK ENTERPRISE is the ultimate source for wealth creation for African American professionals, entrepreneurs and corporate executives. Every month, BLACK ENTERPRISE delivers timely, useful information on careers, small business and personal finance.

The Economics of Discrimination
The Economics of Discrimination

Author: Gary S. Becker

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2010-08-15

Total Pages: 178

ISBN-13: 0226041042

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This second edition of Gary S. Becker's The Economics of Discrimination has been expanded to include three further discussions of the problem and an entirely new introduction which considers the contributions made by others in recent years and some of the more important problems remaining. Mr. Becker's work confronts the economic effects of discrimination in the market place because of race, religion, sex, color, social class, personality, or other non-pecuniary considerations. He demonstrates that discrimination in the market place by any group reduces their own real incomes as well as those of the minority. The original edition of The Economics of Discrimination was warmly received by economists, sociologists, and psychologists alike for focusing the discerning eye of economic analysis upon a vital social problem—discrimination in the market place. "This is an unusual book; not only is it filled with ingenious theorizing but the implications of the theory are boldly confronted with facts. . . . The intimate relation of the theory and observation has resulted in a book of great vitality on a subject whose interest and importance are obvious."—M.W. Reder, American Economic Review "The author's solution to the problem of measuring the motive behind actual discrimination is something of a tour de force. . . . Sociologists in the field of race relations will wish to read this book."—Karl Schuessler, American Sociological Review