La disparition graduelle du glacier de la cuvette du Petit Lac est représentée par les épais sédiments glacio-lacustres où la sédimentation par décantation depuis les icebergs en fusion a joué un rôle important.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Landscapes and Landforms of Switzerland. It covers the country’s geological and tectonic context, together with its climatic context, geomorphological history, structural and karstic landscapes, glacial and periglacial landscapes, landscapes with natural hazards, geomorphology and society, and the preservation of its geomorphological heritage. Richly illustrated, it presents case studies on some of the country’s most famous natural sites, including the Matterhorn, Aletsch Glacier, Sardona Tectonic Arena, and Engadine, among others.
Des investigations sismiques et sédimentologiques ont été entreprises dans le but d'étudier l'évolution sédimentaire de la région au large de Nyon, en relation avec les processus lacustres et les changements climatiques qui ont eu lieu depuis le retrait du glacier du Rhône (18000 années BP) jusqu' à aujourd'hui. La source des sédiments a progressivement changé des eaux de fonte glaciaires aux cours d'eau locaux et un cône deltaïque, alimenté par les apports de la Promenthouse, de l'Asse et du Boiron, a commencé à se former dans la partie occidentale du Lac Léman. D'importants changements des apports sédimentaires ont eu lieu au cours de l'Holocène: six différents lobes deltaïques, progradant sur les sédiments tardiglaciaires, ont été reconnus au milieu du bassin par l'analyse séismostratigraphique. L'étude des propriétés magnétiques des séquences sédimentaires récoltées a fourni une courbe des variations séculaires du champ magnétique terrestre pour les derniers 16000 ans.
This book provides a new look at the climatic history of the last 2.6 million years during the ice age, a time of extreme climatic fluctuations that have not yet ended. This period also coincides with important phases of human development from Neanderthals to modern humans, both of whom existed side by side during the last cold stage of the ice age. The ice age has seen dramatic expansions of glaciers and ice sheets, although this has been interspersed with relatively short warmer intervals like the one we live in today. The book focuses on the changing state of these glaciers and the effects of associated climate changes on a wide variety of environments (including mountains, rivers, deserts, oceans and seas) and also plants and animals. For example, at times the Sahara was green and colonized by humans, and Lake Chad covered 350,000 km2 – larger than the United Kingdom. What happened during the ice age can only be reconstructed from the traces that are left in the ground. The work of the geoscientist is similar to that of a detective who has to reconstruct the sequence of events from circumstantial evidence. The book draws on the specialisms and experience of the authors who are experts on the glacial history of the Earth. Readership: Undergraduate and postgraduate students studying the Quaternary, researchers, and anyone interested in climate change, environmental change and geology. The book provides a rich collection of illustrations and photographs to help the readers at all levels visualise the dramatic consequences of glacier expansions during the Ice Age.
During the 20th century, lake research has become an internationally recognised field of scientific activity, improving our understanding on physical, chemical and biological processes, on fresh water ecology, and water resources among others. The interdisciplinary approaches mainly developed in historical research, as performed by archaeologists and earth scientists, to reconstruct the environmental and climate history of the continents, of human settlements and culture, and to evaluate human impact on the local and global environments. The Geological Society of Switzerland publishes in this volume a selected number of contributions presented during a scientific conference on "Lake Systems from Ice Age to Industrial Time" at Yverdon from 17 to 20 October 2001.
The aim of this publication is the understanding of large floods and their impact on the Earth's surface. The major objectives are: 1) to take a second look at what constitutes a megaflood that the principle of uniformitarianism is at some loss to explain and 2) to try to determine what could happen in such large floods by analyzing those that occur in front of glaciers, in alluvial-fans and in alluvial valleys. The products of these floods are presented in terms of sedimentary deposits, erosional features and damage to human activities. The volume bears out the concept that sedimentological analysis can be a powerful tool, not only for reconstructing processes that have acted on ancient landscapes, but also as a technique for risk assessment of certain troubled areas. Therefore, this volume is of interest not only to sedimentologists/gemorphlogists, but also to engineers, landuse planners and anyone interested in the interrelation between humans and the environment. If you are a member of the International Association of Sedimentologists, for purchasing details, please see: http://www.iasnet.org/publications/details.asp?code=SP32
La province de Pataz au Nord-Pérou est la plus septentrionale des ceintures paléozoïques d'or, antimoine et tungstène orogéniques (mésothermales) de la Cordillère Orientale des Andes Centrales. Longue de plus de 160 km, elle est connue pour ses veines épigénétiques de quartz aurifères riches en sulfures (ressource : 40 millions d'onces d'or). Les minéralisations, datées à ~314 Ma, sont localisées dans des fractures inverse-décrochantes dextres et d'extension le long des marges et à l'intérieur du batholite de Pataz (329 Ma) et dans les roches métasédimentaires avoisinantes. L'intrusion hôte n'exerce qu'un rôle passif dans leur genèse et fonctionne uniquement comme un réceptacle structural très favorable. La minéralisation est temporellement liée à un stade d'exhumation du bâti et à l'addition d'un flux de chaleur dans une croûte épaissie. Le piégeage de l'or au contact des sulfures microfracturées interviendrait à 5-10 km de profondeur par dilution d'un fluide salin précoce par des eaux superficielles.
The second revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Four Volume Set, provides both students and professionals with an up-to-date reference work on this important and highly varied area of research. There are lots of new articles, and many of the articles that appeared in the first edition have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge since 2006, when the original articles were written. The second edition will contain about 375 articles, written by leading experts around the world. This major reference work is richly illustrated with more than 3,000 illustrations, most of them in colour. Research in the Quaternary sciences has advanced greatly in the last 10 years, especially since topics like global climate change, geologic hazards and soil erosion were put high on the political agenda. This second edition builds upon its award-winning predecessor to provide the reader assured quality along with essential updated coverage Contains 357 broad-ranging articles (4310 pages) written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. Facilitates teaching and learning The first edition was regarded by many as the most significant single overview of Quaternary science ever, yet Editor-in-Chief, Scott Elias, has managed to surpass that in this second edition by securing even more expert reviews whilst retaining his renowned editorial consistency that enables readers to navigates seamlessly from one unfamiliar topic to the next
Cette étude examine la déposition passée et récente des contaminants dans le delta du Mackenzie (Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Canada) et tente de quantifier l'accumulation des sédiments dans le delta subaérien.