This book presents an ongoing debate in cognitive linguistics about the modelling of prepositional polysemy, known as "the story of over." Additionally, it discusses a Polish counterpart - "the story of za(-)" (a preposition and a verbal prefix). Its further aim is to reveal a deep divergence of perspectives between the cognitive and hermeneutical approaches to the meaning of words. The argument could be summarised as follows: the issue of the representation of lexical senses (available out of context) presupposes the issue of distinct meanings of words in communal use, which in turn presupposes the question of the transformative power of words (in linguistics, articulated by Humboldt as energeia). In short, the book proposes to complement a post hoc static cognitive approach with a dynamic "expressive" one.
This cutting-edge volume describes the implications of Cognitive Linguistics for the study of second language acquisition (SLA). The first two sections identify theoretical and empirical strands of Cognitive Linguistics, presenting them as a coherent whole. The third section discusses the relevance of Cognitive Linguistics to SLA and defines a research agenda linking these fields with implications for language instruction. Its comprehensive range and tutorial-style chapters make this handbook a valuable resource for students and researchers alike.
This book examines the contribution of various recent developments in linguistics to contrastive analysis. The articles range across a broad gamut of languages, with most attention going to the languages of Europe. They show how advances in theory and computer technology are together impacting the field of contrastive linguistics. Part I focuses, from a broadly functional-cognitive viewpoint, on the close link with typology, stressing the importance of embedding the treatment of grammatical categories in their contexts of use. Part II turns to methodological issues, exploring the enormous potential offered by parallel, computer-accessible corpora to contrastive linguistics and to enhancing the testability, authenticity and empirical adequacy of cross-linguistic studies. Part III is concerned with contrastive semantics, ranging from individual items to entire grammatical constructions, and shows how meanings are coupled to language-specific cognitive strategies and even to cultural differences in subjective awareness and the fashioning of personal identity.
Innovative Developments in Virtual and Physical Prototyping presents essential research in the area of Virtual and Rapid Prototyping. The volume contains reviewed papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping, hosted by the Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal, from September 28 to October 1, 2011. A wide range of topics is covered, such as CAD and 3D Data Acquisition Technologies, Additive and Nano Manufacturing Technologies, Rapid Tooling & Manufacturing, Biomanufacturing, Materials for Advanced Manufacturing Processes, Virtual Environments and Simulation, Applications of Virtual and Physical Prototyping Technologies. Innovative Developments in Virtual and Physical Prototyping is intended for engineers, designers and manufacturers who are active in the areas of mechanical, industrial and biomedical engineering.
Languages in which non-finite verbs (infinitives, gerunds etc.) are classified using the same linguistic means as nouns are rare. This typologically unusual phenomenon is found in some Atlantic (Niger-Congo) languages, including Jóola languages like Eegimaa, Fogny and Kwatay, where several different noun class/gender prefixes (NCPs) are used to classify both nouns and verbs. In this book, it is argued following Sagna (2008), that these parallel morphosyntactic classifications in the nominal domain and verbal domains also reflect parallel semantic categorisation of entities and events. The main topics investigated in this book are word class flexibility between nouns and verbs, non-finiteness, noun class/gender (where morphological classes are analysed separately from agreement classes) and the semantic principles underlying the categorisation of entities and events. One of the central findings proposed in this book is that instances of NCP alternations on non-finite verbs reflect strategies of event delimitation. This book will be of interest to scholars investigation parts-of-speech systems, finiteness, systems of nominal and verbal classification, and linguistic categorization.
Develop, Deploy, and Sustain High-Performance Virtual Prototyping for Advanced R&D Organizations must reduce time-to-market, costs, and risks while producing higher-quality products that grow ever more complex. In response, many are turning to advanced software for rapidly creating and analyzing virtual prototypes, and accurately predicting the performance and behavior of the systems they represent. This requires a deep understanding of physics-based digital engineering and high-performance computing, as well as unique organizational and management skills. Now, Douglass Post and Richard Kendall bring together knowledge that engineers, scientists, developers, and managers will need to build, deploy, and sustain these specialized applications—including information previously available only in proprietary environments. Post and Kendall illuminate key issues with a detailed book-length case study based on their work at the U.S. DoD's pioneering Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and Environments (CREATE) program, which developed eleven of the field's most advanced software tools. You'll find a detailed roadmap for planning, organizing, managing, and navigating complex organizations to successful delivery; as well as detailed descriptions of each step in the process, with clear rationales and concrete examples. The authors share detailed references, a convenient glossary and bibliography, sidebars on overcoming real-world challenges, and more. The book reviews the essentials of computational engineering and science and the pivotal role of virtual prototyping. It helps readers to: Plan and manage the paradigm shift from physical to virtual prototyping Establish, execute, and evolve Agile processes for developing virtual prototyping software Understand and implement virtual prototyping tools and workflows Verify and validate prototyping systems to ensure accuracy and utility Recruit and retain a specialized workforce, and train and support users Explore additional emerging roles for virtual prototyping
Disparities exist in the way current linguistic research approaches prepositions, both in terms of definition and classification. Despite an abundance of publications containing analyses of prepositions, especially those in the English language, relatively little attention has been devoted to the preposition ‘for’, despite its high frequency of occurrence in English. Carried out from a cognitive perspective, and with the aid of Langacker’s cognitive grammar methodology, this text provides evidence in support of the thesis that ‘for’ constitutes a category by itself, characterised by a complex semantic structure that comprises a variety of schemas sanctioning the uses of ‘for’ in the English language. As such, this book will primarily interest students and teachers that have an interest in cognitive linguistics.
This is a down-to-earth, 'how to do it' textbook on the making of dictionaries. Written by professional lexicographers with over seventy years' experience between them, the book presents a step-by-step course for the training of lexicographers in all settings, including publishing houses, colleges, and universities world-wide, and for the teaching of lexicography as an academic discipline. It takes readers through the processes of designing, collecting, and annotating a corpus of texts; shows how to analyse the data in order to extract the relevant information; and demonstrates how these findings are drawn together in the semantic, grammatical, and pedagogic components that make up an entry. The authors explain the relevance and application of recent linguistic theories, such as prototype theory and frame semantics, and describe the role of software in the manipulation of data and the compilation of entries. They provide practical exercises at every stage. The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography draws on materials developed by the authors over more than twenty years of teaching courses for publishing houses and universities in the US, Japan, Hong Kong and China, South Africa, Australia, the UK, and Europe. It will be welcomed everywhere by lexicographers, teachers of lexicography, and their students. It is also fascinating reading for all those interested in discovering how dictionaries are made.
