Protection of Public Health from Microbial and Chemical Hazards in Swimming Pool Environments
Protection of Public Health from Microbial and Chemical Hazards in Swimming Pool Environments

Author: Yuli Ekowati

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-03-29

Total Pages: 205

ISBN-13: 1000008657

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This thesis describes the occurrence of microbial and chemical contaminants in swimming pools and the investigation of an alternative disinfection technology, UVOX Redox® that could reduce reliance on chlorine and the formation of chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pools. This technology was effective in inactivation of chlorine resistant microorganisms, represented by Bacillus subtilis spores, and in combination with chlorine generated lower concentrations of chlorinated DBPs compared to chlorination alone. It enhanced the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which were frequently present in indoor, outdoor and spa pools. Carbamazepine and 1H-benzotriazole were the most frequently detected PPCPs, while hydrochlorothiazide and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor were detected at the highest concentration. An investigation of seven different swimming pool facilities showed that clinically relevant fungi were omnipresent. Floors at the sites where the pool visitors converge, such as the exit leading to shower rooms, showed the highest fungal concentrations. The distribution of fungi inside the swimming pool facilities highlighted potential transmission pathways and a possible risk of fungal infections. Future swimming pool water guidance should include raising awareness among swimmers, pool operators and managers about hygienic behaviour and better hygiene measures, and application of alternative disinfection technologies such as UVOX. Key features: Identifies clinically relevant fungi in swimming pool environments Identifies potential transmission pathways of clinically relevant fungi in indoor swimming pools Highlights the occurrence of PPCPs in different type of pools and their relation with pool water treatment Assesses an alternative disinfection technology for swimming pool water treatment.

Protection of Public Health from Microbial and Chemical Hazards in Swimming Pool Environments
Protection of Public Health from Microbial and Chemical Hazards in Swimming Pool Environments

Author: Yuli Ekowati

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-03-29

Total Pages: 182

ISBN-13: 1000001814

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This thesis describes the occurrence of microbial and chemical contaminants in swimming pools and the investigation of an alternative disinfection technology, UVOX Redox® that could reduce reliance on chlorine and the formation of chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pools. This technology was effective in inactivation of chlorine resistant microorganisms, represented by Bacillus subtilis spores, and in combination with chlorine generated lower concentrations of chlorinated DBPs compared to chlorination alone. It enhanced the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which were frequently present in indoor, outdoor and spa pools. Carbamazepine and 1H-benzotriazole were the most frequently detected PPCPs, while hydrochlorothiazide and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor were detected at the highest concentration. An investigation of seven different swimming pool facilities showed that clinically relevant fungi were omnipresent. Floors at the sites where the pool visitors converge, such as the exit leading to shower rooms, showed the highest fungal concentrations. The distribution of fungi inside the swimming pool facilities highlighted potential transmission pathways and a possible risk of fungal infections. Future swimming pool water guidance should include raising awareness among swimmers, pool operators and managers about hygienic behaviour and better hygiene measures, and application of alternative disinfection technologies such as UVOX. Key features: Identifies clinically relevant fungi in swimming pool environments Identifies potential transmission pathways of clinically relevant fungi in indoor swimming pools Highlights the occurrence of PPCPs in different type of pools and their relation with pool water treatment Assesses an alternative disinfection technology for swimming pool water treatment.

Environmental Micropollutants
Environmental Micropollutants

Author: Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2022-04-08

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 0323906753

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Environmental Micropollutants, the latest volume in the Advances in Environmental Pollution Research series, presents the latest research on various environmental micropollutants, as well as their impacts on health and the economy, also addressing the best possible solutions to address the risks presented by these pollutants. The book covers solutions for dusts, infectious particles, heavy metals, organophosphates, atmospheric toxic organic micropollutants, fungal spores, pollutants from E-waste, and antibiotics threats, providing researchers working in environmental science and management with key knowledge to address this increasingly important concern. These types of micropollutants can be present in water, air and soil and can harm health even in low quantities, hence this book covers the challenges these pollutants pose to the environment and human health, presenting practical solutions. Identifies key micropollutants in the environment and examines their impacts on human health and the economy Presents methods and treatment technologies for addressing the problem of micropollutants Offers the latest research on a variety of micropollutants and the best solutions for each

Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, 4 Volume Set
Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, 4 Volume Set

Author: John G. Voeller

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2010-04-12

Total Pages: 2950

ISBN-13: 0471761303

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The Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security is an essential and timely collection of resources designed to support the effective communication of homeland security research across all disciplines and institutional boundaries. Truly a unique work this 4 volume set focuses on the science behind safety, security, and recovery from both man-made and natural disasters has a broad scope and international focus. The Handbook: Educates researchers in the critical needs of the homeland security and intelligence communities and the potential contributions of their own disciplines Emphasizes the role of fundamental science in creating novel technological solutions Details the international dimensions of homeland security and counterterrorism research Provides guidance on technology diffusion from the laboratory to the field Supports cross-disciplinary dialogue in this field between operational, R&D and consumer communities

Russell, Hugo and Ayliffe's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization
Russell, Hugo and Ayliffe's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization

Author: Adam P. Fraise

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-02-18

Total Pages: 626

ISBN-13: 1444333259

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The new edition of this established and highly respected text is THE definitive reference in its field. It details methods for the elimination or prevention/control of microbial growth, and features: New chapters on bioterrorism and community healthcare New chapters on microbicide regulations in the EU, USA and Canada Latest material on microbial resistance to microbicides Updated material on new and emerging technologies, focusing on special problems in hospitals, dentistry and pharmaceutical practice Practical advice on problems of disinfection and antiseptics in healthcare A systematic review of sterilization methods, with uses and advantages outlined for each Evaluation of disinfectants and their mechanisms of action with respect to current regulations The differences between European and North American regulations are highlighted throughout, making this a truly global work, ideal for worldwide healthcare professionals working in infectious diseases and infection control.

Chlorine and the Environment
Chlorine and the Environment

Author: Ruth Stringer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 9401598134

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This is the first book to examine comprehensively the chlorine industry and its effects on the environment. It covers not only the history of chlorine production, but also looks at its products, their effects on the global environment, and the international legislation which controls their use, release, and disposal. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as releases of organochlorines into the environment, and the environmental impact of ozone depletion, providing simple explanations of these complex issues. These are backed up with case studies of landmark events in the history of the chlorine industry - for example the Seveso explosion or the Yusho and Yu-Cheng mass poisonings. With a clear, concise text and numerous compilations of critical data, this book will prove an invaluable source reference for environmental scientists, students, and policy makers with an interest in this subject.