This publication examines the legal aspects of the spare parts market from an IP perspective: specifically whether design protection for spare parts of a complex product extends to the spare part aftermarket, or whether that market should remain open to competition. The stakeholders’ equally weighty arguments that must be balanced against are, on the one hand, the property interest in an earned IP right in the design of the part; and on the other, enhanced competition, likely reflected in lower prices. The mounting tension between these two positions is manifest an increased number of lawsuits in both the US and the EU. This book provides a discussion of the legal issues involved in this debate from a global perspective, with special focus on the EU and the US. Part I contextualizes the legal debate by discussing the historical background, the competitive situation and the respective stakeholder positions. Part II examines the relevant legal questions on a comparative basis, evaluating the likelihood of its adoption in the jurisdictions examined. Concluding that adoption is unlikely, Part III proposes a number of possible considerations meant to further compromise. Part IV concludes with a future outlook, specifically in light of the impact of technological development on this market.
This book is a primer for designers and attorneys who represent them for protecting product designs from copying by competitors. Particularly for consumer products, designers spend a great effort into making otherwise purely functional items into works of art one enjoys having displayed in their kitchen, bathroom, office, shop, and elsewhere. Yet unscrupulous competitors can copy or mimic the designs often with impunity. To the extent designers have attempted to protect the design through some form, the effort often falls short. Product designers, sometimes referred to as industrial designers, typically are not aware of the plethora of alternatives available to them and which of these offer the best avenue of protection for the lowest cost. Often the lawyers who represent them are so focused on one particular approach, while other alternatives are overlooked. This book brings to light the various modes of protection for designers with detailed analysis of each from a realaEUR"world perspective. The three major modes of intellectual property rights for designers are design patents, trademarks or trade dress, and copyright. Each of these has its own special characteristics that make it a good or bad choice depending on the nature of the design and the willingness of the designer to bear the costs and effort in securing the rights. Some rights may be obtained relatively easily but extremely difficult to enforce. Others may require additional effort and cost up front but will bear more fruit when asserted against an infringer. The book breaks down each IP right into the ease of obtaining the right, remedies associated with each, and the challenges in enforcing them. For attorneys, the book combines in one place the advantages and disadvantages of each mode of protection with discussion of relevant case law and statutes. Most attorneys have expertise in at least one of the three major modes of protection but not all three. This material will enable attorneys to better appreciate other areas of specialty in advising clients. Similarly, the designer will be able to assess the individual attorney's expertise and, if necessary, bring together a multiaEUR"disciplined approach to protect a unique product design.
This overview of the security problems in modern VLSI design provides a detailed treatment of a newly developed constraint-based protection paradigm for the protection of VLSI design IPs – from FPGA design to standard-cell placement, and from advanced CAD tools to physical design algorithms.
Protection of industrial and other designs has developed as a distinct and important area of intellectual property law. This book, while providing a solid foundation on the law regarding the protection and enforcement of design rights, focuses on the ever-present, and always contentious, issue of functionality in the context of design rights. While there is considerable harmonization on the fundamental principle that design rights regard aesthetic appearance and not underlying technical function, courts and legislatures the world over have long struggled with determining whether to permit, and how to interpret the scope of, designs rights directed at products whose appearancemay, partially or completely, be the result of functional consideration. This detailed country-by-country analysis provides clarity, insight, and guidance on the legal issues and practical implications of functionality in key jurisdictions worldwide. This book was developed within the framework of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI), a non-affiliated, non-profit organization dedicated to improving and promoting the protection of intellectual property at both national and international levels. The authors of the country chapters have been carefully selected based on their extensive experience and in-depth knowledge about design protection in their respective jurisdictions. Each chapter considers such issues and topics as the following: • availability of protection – granting authority, statutory requirements, drawing requirements, and disclaimers; • tests or approaches applied to determine whether a design right is ineligiblefor protection based on functionality grounds, including related policy considerations; • strategies employed to mount, and fend off, challenges to design rights based on functionality; • determination of a design right’s scope of protection, including the impact of any visual elements of the overall design having appearances that are non-novel and/or functional; • tests or approaches applied to determine whether a visual element of a design right is excluded from the overall scope of protection based on functionality grounds, including related policy considerations; • examples of how visual elements of a design right whose appearance is driven by function are treated in infringement and validity contexts. Each chapter includes case law examples, hypothetical fact patterns, and graphic images of designs to bring issues to life. An introductory chapter covers the basic tenets of design rights, terminology, and discussion of design rights in relation to other areas of intellectual property. As a comparative law study and a collection of contributions from around the world on an important and controversial field, this book proves to be of tremendous practical interest for the industry involved and for the public. Applicants for design protection, parties involved in or contemplating enforcement proceedings, and interested legal practitioners will benefit greatly from its thorough comparative analysis and guidance. It is also exceptionally valuable as a matchless and thorough resource for academics and researchers interested in the international harmonization of intellectual property law.
International Design Protection is an international compendium of design law in 30 major jurisdictions. It also deals with the practicalities of design protections and the enforcement of design rights, including qualification for protection, infringement, design infringement litigation, licensing and exploitation.
This book discusses the implementation of privacy by design in Europe, a principle that has been codified within the European Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). While privacy by design inspires hope for future privacy-sensitive designs, it also introduces the need for a common understanding of the legal and technical concepts of privacy and data protection. By pursuing an interdisciplinary approach and comparing the problem definitions and objectives of both disciplines, this book bridges the gap between the legal and technical fields in order to enhance the regulatory and academic discourse. The research presented reveals the scope of legal principles and technical tools for privacy protection, and shows that the concept of privacy by design goes beyond the principle of the GDPR. The book presents an analysis of how current regulations delegate the implementation of technical privacy and data protection measures to developers and describes how policy design must evolve in order to implement privacy by design and default principles.
Design and Evaluation of Physical Security Systems, Second Edition, includes updated references to security expectations and changes since 9/11. The threat chapter includes references to new threat capabilities in Weapons of Mass Destruction, and a new figure on hate crime groups in the US. All the technology chapters have been reviewed and updated to include technology in use since 2001, when the first edition was published. Garcia has also added a new chapter that shows how the methodology described in the book is applied in transportation systems. College faculty who have adopted this text have suggested improvements and these have been incorporated as well. This second edition also includes some references to the author's recent book on Vulnerability Assessment, to link the two volumes at a high level. New chapter on transportation systems Extensively updated chapter on threat definition Major changes to response chapter
Intellectual Property in Designs is a comprehensive yet practical reference source for the various IP rights protecting designs. Providing guidance on individual circumstances where clients need to be advised about an infringement or the protection for a design, the title includes examples and illustrations of infringements and designs that are or are not protectable.Written by an experienced IP author and practitioner, with contributions from foreign contributors, it covers UK and EU-wide law as well as other major jurisdictions such as the US, Japan and China.
A general guide to the law relating to the protection of designs. The book is written from the perspective of the litigator, and traces sequentially the various issues which arise in the trial process. The 10 chapters encompass policy and perspective; isolating causes of action; pre-litigation issues; identifying potential defendants; infringement of copyright; and remedies in the area of copyright and design. As well as appealing to those involved in litigation processes the book should be useful to those involved in the law relating to designs.
