Prospects for Research with Radioactive Beams and Targets
Prospects for Research with Radioactive Beams and Targets

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Published: 1984

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Research with heavy ion (HI) beams has become a major field of physics. Nuclei of all naturally occuring elements and isotopes can be accelerated to energies as high as 2 GeV/A with even higher energies expected in the future. With the advent of relativistic heavy ion accelerators and the development of high intensity on-line isotope separators it has now become possible to explore a new dimension in nuclear physics based on the production and application of radioactive ion beams (RIB). More than 1400 unstable nuclei with half lives of more than 1 .mu.s are known and could potentially serve as projectiles in RIB experiments. The purpose of this paper is firstly to point out that there are now several promising possibilities to obtain RIB's of acceptable intensity and that secondly a large variety of scientific questions can be addressed should such beams become routinely available. The discussion of the production of RIB's is divided into methods where the radioactive species are stopped and reaccelerated, and methods where the RIB emerges as a secondary beam from a suitable nuclear reation. A third section is devoted to the far reaching experimental possibilities related to accumulator and storage rings. The chapters on research will cover the application of RIB's to the synthesis of exotic nuclei, astrophysics, reaction mechanisms, nuclear structure, atomic- and solid-state physics, bio-medicine, and physics related to the special characteristics of storage rings.

Review of Work Related to Ion Sources and Targets for Radioactive Beams at Argonne
Review of Work Related to Ion Sources and Targets for Radioactive Beams at Argonne

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Published: 1995

Total Pages: 14

ISBN-13:

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A group including many ANL Physics Division staff and ATLAS outside users has discussed the possibilities for research with radioactive ion beams and prepared a working paper entitled {open_quotes}Concept for an Advanced Exotic Beam Facility Based on ATLAS.{close_quotes} Several subgroups have been working on issues related to ion sources and targets which could be used in the production and ionization of radionuclides with high power primary beams. Present activities include: (a) setting up an ion source test stand to measure emittances and energy spreads of ISOL-type ion sources, (b) experiments to evaluate methods of containing liquid uranium for production targets, (c) experimental evaluation of geometries for the generation of secondary neutron beams for production of radionuclides, (d) setting up an ISOL-type ion source at a neutron generator facility to measure fission fragment release times and efficiencies, and (e) computer simulations of an electron-beam charge-state amplifier to increase the charge states of 1 secondary beams to 2,3 or 4. The present status of these projects and future plans are reported below.

IGISOL
IGISOL

Author: Juha Äystö

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2014-01-23

Total Pages: 390

ISBN-13: 9400755554

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The IGISOL group at the University of Jyväskyla studies the properties of nuclei far off the line of beta stability. These studies are performed locally at the Jyväskylä Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line (IGISOL) facility, as well as at a number of other laboratories such as the ISOLDE facility in CERN, at GANIL and in Helmholzzentrum GSI, the location of the future radioactive beam facility FAIR. The group is also actively involved in work to support the development of international future facilities EURISOL and aforementioned FAIR. This book presents carefully selected papers to portrait the work at IGISOL. Previously published in the journals Hyperfine Interactions and European Physical Journal A.

Special Targets for Nuclear Reaction and Spectroscopic Studies
Special Targets for Nuclear Reaction and Spectroscopic Studies

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Published: 1987

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Strongly focused and monoenergetic charged-particle beams from modern accelerators and targets fabricated from quantities of isotopically enriched and stable materials are the essential components from many current nuclear physics experiments. Although a large body of this kind of experimental work requires substantial amounts of target material, an important subset of such experiments can be done with as little as a few .mu.g of material. Experiments where charged particles or electrons can be focused on or transported to a detector are examples of accelerator-based studies which can be made with targets that contain relatively small amounts of material. For these kinds of studies, it then becomes possible to extend the domain of potential target materials to species which are very rare or which are unstable and undergo radioactive decay. At our laboratory during the last ten years, we have made targets for nuclear spectroscopy studies of 152Eu (13.4y), 154Eu (8.5y), 249Bk (320d), 151Sm (90y), and 148Gd (75y). We will report our experience with fabricating these and other kinds of stable targets and discuss our plans for preparing additional targets which offer interesting and exciting prospects for future nuclear research studies. 12 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2013-03-25

Total Pages: 263

ISBN-13: 030926040X

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The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.

The Holifield Radioactive Ion Beams Facility (HRIBF) -- Getting Ready to Do Experiments
The Holifield Radioactive Ion Beams Facility (HRIBF) -- Getting Ready to Do Experiments

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Published: 1998

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13:

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The conversion of the HHIRF facility to a Radioactive Ion Beam facility started in 1994. In this ISOL type facility the Cyclotron has been re-fitted as a driver providing high intensity proton beams which react with the target from which the radioactive products are extracted and then accelerated in the Tandem Electrostatic Accelerator to the desired energy for nuclear science studies. Facilities for nuclear physics experiments are at different stages of development: A Recoil Mass Spectrometer (RMS) with a complement of detectors at the focal plane and around the target is used primarily for nuclear structure studies. A large recoil separator combining velocity and momentum selection, with its complement of focal plane detectors, will be dedicated to measurements relevant to nuclear astrophysics. The Enge Split Pole spectrograph is being re-fitted for operation in a gas filled mode, making it a more versatile tool for nuclear reaction studies. With the new experimental equipment being commissioned and the prospects of running experiments with low intensity radioactive beams a significant effort to develop equipment for beam diagnostics is underway. Some of the efforts and results in developing beam diagnostic tools will be described.

Some Thoughts on Opportunities with Reactions Using Radioactive Beams
Some Thoughts on Opportunities with Reactions Using Radioactive Beams

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Published: 1990

Total Pages: 6

ISBN-13:

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I was asked to talk about the use of radioactive beams for nuclear reactions. My overall perspective is that the scientific justification for such studies must be done carefully. To go to the added complexity of radioactive beams one must clearly demonstrate the need for obtaining information about nuclear structure or processes, information that is not otherwise available. On the other hand, much of what we know about nuclear structure comes from nuclear reactions with stable nuclear beams and targets. While a certain amount of information about far from stability nuclei may be obtained from the study of their radioactive decays, this is limited. Our knowledge and understanding of nuclear structure comes from stable nuclei: energy levels, their spins and parties, and very importantly the matrix elements characterizing them. These are largely determined by reaction studies with normal stable nuclei. The extension of such studies to unstable nuclei, far from stability, may well hold qualitative surprises, or at the very least give a firmer basis to our understanding of nuclear structure. Perhaps it is a matter of taste, but if one wishes to start on this endeavor then it is best to begin with simple, easily accessible features. The simplest'' nuclei are the ones that form doubly-closed shells and the easiest features to explore initially are the single-particle states and the collective excitations that one can build on these. I would like to emphasize that a unique facility for this type of study is about to come into operation in Darmstadt where the ESR storage ring will capture radioactive beams from fragmentation products and cool them to useful energies for reaction studies.

Highly Pervious Liquid Metal Target Systems for Radioactive Ion Beam Generation
Highly Pervious Liquid Metal Target Systems for Radioactive Ion Beam Generation

Author: Breckenridge S. Morgan

Publisher:

Published: 1999-06-01

Total Pages: 90

ISBN-13: 9781423544432

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Radioactive ion beams (RIBs) of (69)As are currently needed for fundamental nuclear physics research and can be produced abundantly by proton bombardment of a liquid Ge target. In this thesis, we develop a series of highly pervious liquid target designs with mean diffusion paths several orders of magnitude less than traditional, pool-type, liquid targets. Experiments have been performed to identify materials (substrates) capable of suspending, through wetting, very thin layers of liquid Ge. Four candidate Ge-substrate target systems have been designed, and (69)As production may be significantly increased over previous targets. The target systems designed include liquid Ge coated onto an: (1) inclined W plane, (2) a long thin MO wire birdsnest, (3) a SiC weave, and (4) SiC coated C foam. A universal Ta target holder coupling the target to an ion source has also been designed and features a cooled re-circulating baffle for testing of each of the above target concepts. The results of long-term heating tests on the MO wire birdsnest show its lifetime to be less than 100 hours; however, future online tests of short duration will test (69)As production for the birdsnested target. Ge did not wet the SiC weave target. The methods and design formulations developed in this thesis are applicable to a variety of RIB species produced from liquid targets.