Properties of Ultra-high Strength Bainitic Structures
Properties of Ultra-high Strength Bainitic Structures

Author: Charles R. Simcoe

Publisher:

Published: 1963

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13:

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The tensile properties and fracture toughness were measured in sheet material for isothermally transformed lower bainite and tempered martensite in a series of alloy steels. The major experimental variables were transformation temperature, tempering temperature, carbon content, and alloy additions. Carbon contents of 0.55 to 0.60% or higher are required to develop ultra-high strength levels in lower bainite. Lower bainite with yield strengths above 220,000 psi had slightly to moderately lower fracture toughness than tempered martensite in typical low alloy steels at comparable yield strengths. At yield strengths below 220,000 psi, lower bainite was equal to or slightly better than tempered martensite in typical low alloy steels, except the 1Cr-1Mo composition which is superior to the other alloy steels studied at yield strengths up to 240,000 psi. The fracture toughness of lower bainite is discussed in terms of transformation temperature, M sub s temperature, and steel composition. A 9Ni-4Co steel developed an atypical bainitic microstructure at transformation temperatures just above the M sub s temperature.

Bainite and Martensite
Bainite and Martensite

Author: Carlos Garcia-Mateo

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-05-27

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13: 3039288571

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The microstructures of both martensite and bainite, although sharing some common features, depict a plethora of subtle differences that made them unique when studied in further detail. Tailoring the final properties of a microstructure based on one or the other as well as in combination with others and exploring more sophisticated concepts, such as Q&P and nanostructured bainite, are the topics which are the focus of research around the world. In understanding the key microstructural parameters controlling the final properties as well as definition of adequate process parameters to attain the desired microstructures requires that a proper understanding of the mechanism ruling their transformation and a detailed characterization first be acheived. The development of new and powerful scientific techniques and equipment (EBSD, APT, HRTEM, etc.) allow us to gain fundamental insights that help to establish some of the principles by which those microstructures are known. The developments accompanying such findings lead to further developments and intensive research providing the required metallurgical support.

Performance of Mechanical Properties of Ultrahigh-Strength Ferrous Steels Related to Strain-Induced Transformation
Performance of Mechanical Properties of Ultrahigh-Strength Ferrous Steels Related to Strain-Induced Transformation

Author: Koh-ichi Sugimoto

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-11-19

Total Pages: 158

ISBN-13: 3039434284

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A variety of topics concerning ultrahigh-strength ferrous steels were collected in this book. At present, most of the ferrous steels are applied to cold sheet parts. However, they may be used as the materials of hot-forged parts in the future, because of the excellent performance of the mechanical properties. It is hoped that many researchers will have an interest in the applications of the ferrous steels to the hot-forging parts.

Bainite in Steels
Bainite in Steels

Author: Harshad Kumar Dharamshi Hansraj Bhadeshia

Publisher: Maney Publishing

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13:

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The second edition of this modern classic encompasses the latest research, which sees bainitic alloys at the forefront of a new wave of "designed" steels. Contents include: Nomenclature; Introduction; Bainitic Ferrite; Carbide Precipitation; Tempering of Bainite; Thermodynamics; Kinetics; Upper and Lower Bainite; Stress and Strain Effects; Reverse Transformation from Bainite to Austenite; Acicular Ferrite; Other Morphologies of Bainite; Mechanical Properties; Modern Bainitic Alloys;Other Aspects; The Transformation of Steel.

Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels
Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels

Author: Nina Fonstein

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-11-01

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 3319191659

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The book covers all types of advanced high strength steels ranging from dual-phase, TRIP. Complex phase, martensitic, TWIP steels to third generation steels, including promising candidates as carbide free bainitic steels, med Mn and Quenching & Partitioning processed steels. The author presents fundamentals of physical metallurgy of key features of structure and relationship of structure constituents with mechanical properties as well as basics of processing AHSS starting from most important features of intercritical heat treatment, with focus on critical phase transformations and influence of alloying and microalloying. This book intends to summarize the existing knowledge to show how it can be utilized for optimization and adaption of steel composition, processing, and for additional improvement of steel properties that should be recommended to engineering personal of steel designers, producers and end users of AHSS as well as to students of colleges and Universities who deal with materials for auto industry.

Phase Transformations in Steels
Phase Transformations in Steels

Author: Elena Pereloma

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-05-11

Total Pages: 657

ISBN-13: 0857096109

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The processing-microstructure-property relationships in steels continue to present challenges to researchers because of the complexity of phase transformation reactions and the wide spectrum of microstructures and properties achievable. This major two-volume work summarises the current state of research on phase transformations in steels and its implications for the emergence of new steels with enhanced engineering properties.Volume 1 reviews fundamentals and diffusion-controlled phase transformations. After a historical overview, chapters in part one discuss fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics as well as phase boundary interfaces. Chapters in part two go on to consider ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations, pearlite formation and massive austenite-ferrite phase transformations. Part three discusses the mechanisms of bainite transformations, including carbide-containing and carbide-free bainite. The final part of the book considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations, dynamic strain-induced ferrite transformations (DIST) as well as the effects of magnetic fields and heating rates.With its distinguished editors and distinguished international team of contributors, the two volumes of Phase transformations in steels is a standard reference for all those researching the properties of steel and developing new steels in such areas as automotive engineering, oil and gas and energy production. - Discusses the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics - Considers various transformations, including ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations - Considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations

Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys (Online Version)
Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys (Online Version)

Author: Rafael Colás

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2016-01-06

Total Pages: 3918

ISBN-13: 1000031675

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The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Bainite in Steels
Bainite in Steels

Author: H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-04-15

Total Pages: 914

ISBN-13: 1351574809

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This is the third edition of the book, much expanded to include and incorporate important developments in the subject over the last fifteen years. The book represents a comprehensive treatise on all aspects of the bainite transformation, from the choreography of atoms during the phase change to length scales that are typical of engineering applications. The alloy design that emerges from this explains the role of solute additions, and the pernicious effects of impurities such as hydrogen. The picture presented is self-consistent and therefore is able to guide the reader on the exploitation of theory to the design of some of the most exciting steels, including the world’s first bulk nanostructured metal.