Basic Proof Theory

Basic Proof Theory

Author: A. S. Troelstra

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2000-07-27

Total Pages: 436

ISBN-13: 9780521779111

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This introduction to the basic ideas of structural proof theory contains a thorough discussion and comparison of various types of formalization of first-order logic. Examples are given of several areas of application, namely: the metamathematics of pure first-order logic (intuitionistic as well as classical); the theory of logic programming; category theory; modal logic; linear logic; first-order arithmetic and second-order logic. In each case the aim is to illustrate the methods in relatively simple situations and then apply them elsewhere in much more complex settings. There are numerous exercises throughout the text. In general, the only prerequisite is a standard course in first-order logic, making the book ideal for graduate students and beginning researchers in mathematical logic, theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. For the new edition, many sections have been rewritten to improve clarity, new sections have been added on cut elimination, and solutions to selected exercises have been included.


Fundamental Proof Methods in Computer Science

Fundamental Proof Methods in Computer Science

Author: Konstantine Arkoudas

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2017-04-28

Total Pages: 1223

ISBN-13: 0262342502

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A textbook that teaches students to read and write proofs using Athena. Proof is the primary vehicle for knowledge generation in mathematics. In computer science, proof has found an additional use: verifying that a particular system (or component, or algorithm) has certain desirable properties. This book teaches students how to read and write proofs using Athena, a freely downloadable computer language. Athena proofs are machine-checkable and written in an intuitive natural-deduction style. The book contains more than 300 exercises, most with full solutions. By putting proofs into practice, it demonstrates the fundamental role of logic and proof in computer science as no other existing text does. Guided by examples and exercises, students are quickly immersed in the most useful high-level proof methods, including equational reasoning, several forms of induction, case analysis, proof by contradiction, and abstraction/specialization. The book includes auxiliary material on SAT and SMT solving, automated theorem proving, and logic programming. The book can be used by upper undergraduate or graduate computer science students with a basic level of programming and mathematical experience. Professional programmers, practitioners of formal methods, and researchers in logic-related branches of computer science will find it a valuable reference.


A Proof Theory for Description Logics

A Proof Theory for Description Logics

Author: Alexandre Rademaker

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-05-17

Total Pages: 109

ISBN-13: 1447140028

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Description Logics (DLs) is a family of formalisms used to represent knowledge of a domain. They are equipped with a formal logic-based semantics. Knowledge representation systems based on description logics provide various inference capabilities that deduce implicit knowledge from the explicitly represented knowledge. A Proof Theory for Description Logics introduces Sequent Calculi and Natural Deduction for some DLs (ALC, ALCQ). Cut-elimination and Normalization are proved for the calculi. The author argues that such systems can improve the extraction of computational content from DLs proofs for explanation purposes.


Logic for Computer Science

Logic for Computer Science

Author: Jean H. Gallier

Publisher: Courier Dover Publications

Published: 2015-06-18

Total Pages: 532

ISBN-13: 0486780821

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This advanced text for undergraduate and graduate students introduces mathematical logic with an emphasis on proof theory and procedures for algorithmic construction of formal proofs. The self-contained treatment is also useful for computer scientists and mathematically inclined readers interested in the formalization of proofs and basics of automatic theorem proving. Topics include propositional logic and its resolution, first-order logic, Gentzen's cut elimination theorem and applications, and Gentzen's sharpened Hauptsatz and Herbrand's theorem. Additional subjects include resolution in first-order logic; SLD-resolution, logic programming, and the foundations of PROLOG; and many-sorted first-order logic. Numerous problems appear throughout the book, and two Appendixes provide practical background information.


Handbook of Logic and Proof Techniques for Computer Science

Handbook of Logic and Proof Techniques for Computer Science

Author: Steven G. Krantz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 1461201152

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Logic is, and should be, the core subject area of modern mathemat ics. The blueprint for twentieth century mathematical thought, thanks to Hilbert and Bourbaki, is the axiomatic development of the subject. As a result, logic plays a central conceptual role. At the same time, mathematical logic has grown into one of the most recondite areas of mathematics. Most of modern logic is inaccessible to all but the special ist. Yet there is a need for many mathematical scientists-not just those engaged in mathematical research-to become conversant with the key ideas of logic. The Handbook of Mathematical Logic, edited by Jon Bar wise, is in point of fact a handbook written by logicians for other mathe maticians. It was, at the time of its writing, encyclopedic, authoritative, and up-to-the-moment. But it was, and remains, a comprehensive and authoritative book for the cognoscenti. The encyclopedic Handbook of Logic in Computer Science by Abramsky, Gabbay, and Maibaum is a wonderful resource for the professional. But it is overwhelming for the casual user. There is need for a book that introduces important logic terminology and concepts to the working mathematical scientist who has only a passing acquaintance with logic. Thus the present work has a different target audience. The intent of this handbook is to present the elements of modern logic, including many current topics, to the reader having only basic mathe matical literacy.


Proof Theory in Computer Science

Proof Theory in Computer Science

Author: Reinhard Kahle

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2003-06-30

Total Pages: 249

ISBN-13: 3540455043

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Proof theory has long been established as a basic discipline of mathematical logic. It has recently become increasingly relevant to computer science. The - ductive apparatus provided by proof theory has proved useful for metatheoretical purposes as well as for practical applications. Thus it seemed to us most natural to bring researchers together to assess both the role proof theory already plays in computer science and the role it might play in the future. The form of a Dagstuhl seminar is most suitable for purposes like this, as Schloß Dagstuhl provides a very convenient and stimulating environment to - scuss new ideas and developments. To accompany the conference with a proc- dings volume appeared to us equally appropriate. Such a volume not only ?xes basic results of the subject and makes them available to a broader audience, but also signals to the scienti?c community that Proof Theory in Computer Science (PTCS) is a major research branch within the wider ?eld of logic in computer science.


Handbook of Proof Theory

Handbook of Proof Theory

Author: S.R. Buss

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1998-07-09

Total Pages: 823

ISBN-13: 0080533183

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This volume contains articles covering a broad spectrum of proof theory, with an emphasis on its mathematical aspects. The articles should not only be interesting to specialists of proof theory, but should also be accessible to a diverse audience, including logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists and philosophers. Many of the central topics of proof theory have been included in a self-contained expository of articles, covered in great detail and depth.The chapters are arranged so that the two introductory articles come first; these are then followed by articles from core classical areas of proof theory; the handbook concludes with articles that deal with topics closely related to computer science.


Proof Theory for Fuzzy Logics

Proof Theory for Fuzzy Logics

Author: George Metcalfe

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-11-27

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 1402094094

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Fuzzy logics are many-valued logics that are well suited to reasoning in the context of vagueness. They provide the basis for the wider field of Fuzzy Logic, encompassing diverse areas such as fuzzy control, fuzzy databases, and fuzzy mathematics. This book provides an accessible and up-to-date introduction to this fast-growing and increasingly popular area. It focuses in particular on the development and applications of "proof-theoretic" presentations of fuzzy logics; the result of more than ten years of intensive work by researchers in the area, including the authors. In addition to providing alternative elegant presentations of fuzzy logics, proof-theoretic methods are useful for addressing theoretical problems (including key standard completeness results) and developing efficient deduction and decision algorithms. Proof-theoretic presentations also place fuzzy logics in the broader landscape of non-classical logics, revealing deep relations with other logics studied in Computer Science, Mathematics, and Philosophy. The book builds methodically from the semantic origins of fuzzy logics to proof-theoretic presentations such as Hilbert and Gentzen systems, introducing both theoretical and practical applications of these presentations.


An Introduction to Proof Theory

An Introduction to Proof Theory

Author: Paolo Mancosu

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021-08-12

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 0192649299

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An Introduction to Proof Theory provides an accessible introduction to the theory of proofs, with details of proofs worked out and examples and exercises to aid the reader's understanding. It also serves as a companion to reading the original pathbreaking articles by Gerhard Gentzen. The first half covers topics in structural proof theory, including the Gödel-Gentzen translation of classical into intuitionistic logic (and arithmetic), natural deduction and the normalization theorems (for both NJ and NK), the sequent calculus, including cut-elimination and mid-sequent theorems, and various applications of these results. The second half examines ordinal proof theory, specifically Gentzen's consistency proof for first-order Peano Arithmetic. The theory of ordinal notations and other elements of ordinal theory are developed from scratch, and no knowledge of set theory is presumed. The proof methods needed to establish proof-theoretic results, especially proof by induction, are introduced in stages throughout the text. Mancosu, Galvan, and Zach's introduction will provide a solid foundation for those looking to understand this central area of mathematical logic and the philosophy of mathematics.


Proof And Computation: Digitization In Mathematics, Computer Science And Philosophy

Proof And Computation: Digitization In Mathematics, Computer Science And Philosophy

Author: Klaus Mainzer

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2018-05-30

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 9813270950

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This book is for graduate students and researchers, introducing modern foundational research in mathematics, computer science, and philosophy from an interdisciplinary point of view. Its scope includes Predicative Foundations, Constructive Mathematics and Type Theory, Computation in Higher Types, Extraction of Programs from Proofs, and Algorithmic Aspects in Financial Mathematics. By filling the gap between (under-)graduate level textbooks and advanced research papers, the book gives a scholarly account of recent developments and emerging branches of the aforementioned fields.