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Unternehmen mit kurzen Lieferzeiten, hoher Liefertreue und niedrigen Beständen wachsen schnell und erzielen hohe Gewinne. Wie Unternehmen diese logistische Herausforderung meistern können, zeigt das Buch anhand von aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen der Leibniz Universität Hannover. Der Band gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die Aufgaben und Verfahren der Fertigungssteuerung und befähigt Leser dazu, Schwächen in diesem Bereich zu erkennen und zu korrigieren. Ein fundiertes Nachschlagewerk für Studierende, Dozenten, Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler.
Identifying and customizing suitable control strategies is a challenging task, especially when production systems have to cope with variable demands, forecast error, and unstable processes. The focus of this book lies on helping companies with complex and discrete production systems to tailor a production control strategy to their needs. Thereby, the mutual merits of “push” and “pull” systems are taken into account, leading to hybrid strategies. Consequently, the book addresses practitioners who are interested in looking behind the scenes and into the physics of production control. A real-life case study demonstrates the practical applicability of the presented framework.
Lean Manufacturing has proved to be one of the most successful and most powerful production business systems over the last decades. Its application enabled many companies to make a big leap towards better utilization of resources and thus provide better service to the customers through faster response, higher quality and lowered costs. Lean is often described as “eyes for flow and eyes for muda” philosophy. It simply means that value is created only when all the resources flow through the system. If the flow is stopped no value but only costs and time are added, which is muda (Jap. waste). Since the philosophy was born at the Toyota many solutions were tailored for the high volume environment. But in turbulent, fast-changing market environment and progressing globalization, customers tend to require more customization, lower volumes and higher variety at much less cost and of better quality. This calls for adaptation of existing lean techniques and exploration of the new waste-free solutions that go far beyond manufacturing. This book brings together the opinions of a number of leading academics and researchers from around the world responding to those emerging needs. They tried to find answer to the question how to move forward from “Spaghetti World” of supply, production, distribution, sales, administration, product development, logistics, accounting, etc. Through individual chapters in this book authors present their views, approaches, concepts and developed tools. The reader will learn the key issues currently being addressed in production management research and practice throughout the world.
This book presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments in production planning. The monograph begins with an introductory chapter reviewing the need for these production planning models, that operate by determining time-phased releases of work into the facility or supply chain, relating these to the Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) and Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) frameworks, that form the basis of most academic research and industrial practice. The extensive body of work on Workload Control is also placed in this context, and proves the need for improved models with a discussion of the difficulties, these approaches encounter. The next two chapters present a detailed review of the state of the art in optimization models based on exogenous planned lead times, and examines the cases where these can take both integer and fractional values. The difficulties arising in estimating planned lead times are consistent with factory behavior which are highlighted, noting that many of these lead to non-convex optimization models. Attempts to address these difficulties by iterative multimodel approaches, that combine simulation and mathematical programming, are also discussed in detail. The next three chapters of the volume address the set of techniques developed using clearing functions, which represent the expected output of a resource in a planning period, as a function of the expected workload of the resource, during that period. The chapters on this subject propose a basic optimization model for multiple products, discuss the difficulties of this model and some possible solutions. It also reviews prior work, and discuss a number of alternative formulations of the clearing function concept with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Applications to lot sizing decisions and a number of other specific problems are also described. This volume concludes with an assessment of the state of the art described in the volume, and several directions for future work.
In production systems there are often capacity oriented performance objectives, like a desired total throughput, a desired average throughput time and average work in-process. Such performance objectives are expressed in "units of products" rather than in specific product types. This book presents a way of modeling and analyzing production systems so, that such capacity oriented performance criteria can be measured in a simple way. The model consists of three basic elements. 1. The product types in the system are aggregated. 2. The product flow is modeled as being continuous. 3. The machines in the model have a finite number of states. Each state has a phase-type sojourn distribution and an associated production speed. Transitions between the states are determined by an irreducible Markov transition matrix. In the book both the mathematical properties and the practical applicabilities of the model are investigated. The model is extensively analyzed for various layouts, like flow lines, assembly disassembly systems and networks where parallel machines share common buffers. Furthermore various ways of controlling the product flow in the model are investigated, such as Base Stock Control, Workload Control, control by finite buffers and control by the Reorder Point System. An approximation technique is developed for a quick estimation of performance measures like throughput and average work-in-process, for networks with layouts and control techniques like those above-mentioned.
In two volumes, Planning Production and Inventories in the Extended Enterprise: A State of the Art Handbook examines production planning across the extended enterprise against a backdrop of important gaps between theory and practice. The early chapters describe the multifaceted nature of production planning problems and reveal many of the core complexities. The middle chapters describe recent research on theoretical techniques to manage these complexities. Accounts of production planning system currently in use in various industries are included in the later chapters. Throughout the two volumes there are suggestions on promising directions for future work focused on closing the gaps.
Controlling the production in an industrial organisation is very complex. There are two different reasons for this complexity. On the one hand, complexity is due to the variety in range and in level of detail of the activities that playa role in such a control (think of manufacturing process development, capacity planning, coordinating the flow of material through the production process, releasing of workorders, and scheduling). On the other hand, the production process itself may be complex (many products, many stages, complex interrelationships between resources, and uncertainty in the availability of resources). To deal with the first cause for complexity, one creates different, but coordinated levels of control. At each of these levels a specific part of the control of the production process is accounted for (see Anthony [3]). To deal with the second cause for complexity, one groups manufacturing steps into so-called production units (see Bertrand [8]). Each production unit is responsible for a specific part of the production process. Of course, these production units have to be coordinated to ensure that the products are manufactured timely and efficiently. This activity will be referred to as material coordination (see Bertrand [8]).
Software is the essential enabling means for science and the new economy. It helps us to create a more reliable, flexible and robust society. But software often falls short of our expectations. Current methodologies, tools, and techniques remain expensive and are not yet sufficiently reliable, while many promising approaches have proved to be no more than case-by-case oriented methods. This book contains extensively reviewed papers from the thirteenth International Conference on New Trends in software Methodology, Tools and Techniques (SoMeT_14), held in Langkawi, Malaysia, in September 2014. The conference provides an opportunity for scholars from the international research community to discuss and share research experiences of new software methodologies and techniques, and the contributions presented here address issues ranging from research practices and techniques and methodologies to proposing and reporting solutions for global world business. The emphasis has been on human-centric software methodologies, end-user development techniques and emotional reasoning, for an optimally harmonized performance between the design tool and the user. Topics covered include the handling of cognitive issues in software development to adapt it to the user's mental state and intelligent software design in software utilizing new aspects on conceptual ontology and semantics reflected on knowledge base system models. This book provides an opportunity for the software science community to show where we are today and where the future may take us.