Trade Unions in Namibia
Trade Unions in Namibia

Author: Herbert Jauch

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 66

ISBN-13:

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Namibia is characterised by extremely high levels in income inequality and high levels of unemployment - particularly among women and the youth. Wages and salaries are the main source of household incomes, although most rural households rely on subsistence farming. The majority of Namibian workers fall into the category of unskilled or semi-skilled workers, usually earn relatively low wages and enjoy few benefits. In some sectors, trade unions managed to achieve significant improvement in conditions of employment through collective bargaining. Unionisation rates are fairly high, particularly in the public sector, the mining industry as well as the fishing, textile, wholesale and retail sectors. Here, unionisation rates stand at above 50%. On the other hand, the small business sector, banking and financial institutions and domestic workers are still poorly organised. Despite its small population of about 1,9 million people, Namibia has about 30 trade unions, grouped into 2 federations and several un-affiliated unions. The largest trade union federation is the National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW) which represents 60 000 - 70 000 workers. The NUNW played a key role during Namibias liberation struggle and continues to be affiliated to the ruling SWAPO party. Unions outside the NUNW rejected this party-political link and formed a new rival federation in 2002, known as the Trade Union Congress of Namibia (TUCNA). The Namibian labour movement was confronted with various challenges posed by governments neo-liberal economic policies. Various disagreements between labour and the state/employers became visible around the issues of privatisation, the introduction of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and the emergence of labour hire companies. Overall, trade unions found it difficult to decisively influence such broader socio-economic policies in favour of their constituency. The Namibian Labour Act of 1992 constituted a major improvement for labour compared to the colonial labour legislation. A new Labour Act will be implemented soon and is expected to pave the way for the improved resolution of industrial conflicts. Comment Don :Finnish Embassy.

A Post-Liberal Peace
A Post-Liberal Peace

Author: Oliver Richmond

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-08-21

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 1136680829

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This book examines how the liberal peace experiment of the post-Cold War environment has failed to connect with its target populations, which have instead set about transforming it according to their own local requirements. Liberal peacebuilding has caused a range of unintended consequences. These emerge from the liberal peace’s internal contradictions, from its claim to offer a universal normative and epistemological basis for peace, and to offer a technology and process which can be applied to achieve it. When viewed from a range of contextual and local perspectives, these top-down and distant processes often appear to represent power rather than humanitarianism or emancipation. Yet, the liberal peace also offers a civil peace and emancipation. These tensions enable a range of hitherto little understood local and contextual peacebuilding agencies to emerge, which renegotiate both the local context and the liberal peace framework, leading to a local-liberal hybrid form of peace. This might be called a post-liberal peace. Such processes are examined in this book in a range of different cases of peacebuilding and statebuilding since the end of the Cold War. This book will be of interest to students of peacebuilding, peacekeeping, peace and conflict studies, international organisations and IR/Security Studies.

Private and Public Sectors
Private and Public Sectors

Author: Karl Wohlmuth

Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 734

ISBN-13:

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The African Development Perspectives Yearbook series fills a gap in the literature on Africa's development problems. Experts from African institutions and regional organisations, from international organisations, from universities and research institutions, from governmental and non-governmental organisations, and from the donor community analyse issues and report on problems and solutions, on new policies, programmes, projections and visions, and on new and ongoing projects in and for Africa. Various levels of action that are relevant for Africa's development are considered in this Yearbook - the international community in its relation to Africa, interregional and national issues of Africa's development, but also local projects and local development achievements are documented. Africa's development perspectives are therefore analysed and commented from the global to the local space, by presenting analytical surveys and policy statements, declarations and programmes of international, regional, national and voluntary organisations. It is also the purpose of the African Development Perspectives Yearbook to establish a news-and-information network, a forum for international communication on Africa's development perspectives. This tenth volume presents analyses, policy-oriented papers, development projections, and proposals for reforms with regard to the role of public and private sectors in Africa. The balance between private and public sector development in Africa is challenging due to a rapidly changing international environment in the era of globalisation. It discusses the role of the private sector, the functions of the private sector institutions, the state of the privatisation programmes, and the importance of a strengthening of public policies, public infrastructures and public institutions in Africa.