This book discusses important fundamentals of radiation safety with specific details on dose units, calculations, measuring, and biological effects of ionizing radiation. The author covers different exposure situations and their requirements, and relevant legislation and regulations governing radiation safety. The book also examines radioactive waste management, the transport of radioactive materials, emergency planning and preparedness and various examples of radiation protection programs for industrial, medical, and academic applications.
Financial Risk Forecasting is a complete introduction to practical quantitative risk management, with a focus on market risk. Derived from the authors teaching notes and years spent training practitioners in risk management techniques, it brings together the three key disciplines of finance, statistics and modeling (programming), to provide a thorough grounding in risk management techniques. Written by renowned risk expert Jon Danielsson, the book begins with an introduction to financial markets and market prices, volatility clusters, fat tails and nonlinear dependence. It then goes on to present volatility forecasting with both univatiate and multivatiate methods, discussing the various methods used by industry, with a special focus on the GARCH family of models. The evaluation of the quality of forecasts is discussed in detail. Next, the main concepts in risk and models to forecast risk are discussed, especially volatility, value-at-risk and expected shortfall. The focus is both on risk in basic assets such as stocks and foreign exchange, but also calculations of risk in bonds and options, with analytical methods such as delta-normal VaR and duration-normal VaR and Monte Carlo simulation. The book then moves on to the evaluation of risk models with methods like backtesting, followed by a discussion on stress testing. The book concludes by focussing on the forecasting of risk in very large and uncommon events with extreme value theory and considering the underlying assumptions behind almost every risk model in practical use – that risk is exogenous – and what happens when those assumptions are violated. Every method presented brings together theoretical discussion and derivation of key equations and a discussion of issues in practical implementation. Each method is implemented in both MATLAB and R, two of the most commonly used mathematical programming languages for risk forecasting with which the reader can implement the models illustrated in the book. The book includes four appendices. The first introduces basic concepts in statistics and financial time series referred to throughout the book. The second and third introduce R and MATLAB, providing a discussion of the basic implementation of the software packages. And the final looks at the concept of maximum likelihood, especially issues in implementation and testing. The book is accompanied by a website - www.financialriskforecasting.com – which features downloadable code as used in the book.
This monograph/reference focuses on those subjects that are considered essential to an understanding of inorganic photochemistry. Graduate students with a background in physical chemistry will find that the quantum mechanical treatments related to the principles of spectroscopy and chemical dynamics are readily accessible. And professionals will find that the tabulated data, equations, and general information makes this book an essential complement to the journal literature required in the daily planning of photochemical work. Chapters cover the nature of light and the uncertainty principle, detection of intermediates, elements of inorganic spectroscopy, kinetics of photoluminescence, photoredox reactions, ligand field photochemistry, and elements of organometallic photochemistry. Extensive appendixes cover physical constants and conversion factors for photochemical work, character tables for symmetry groups, vibrational motions, description of the chemical bonding in coordination complexes, charge transfer transitions, and Born cycles related to charge transfer processes.
PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES - ENERGY LEVELS AND SPECTRA; KINETICS OF PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES; CHARGE - TRANSFER PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SUBSTITUTIONAL PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF FIRST - ROW TRANSITION ELEMENTS; PHOCHEMISTRY OF THE HEAVIER ELEMENTS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF CARBONYL COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 1,3 - DIKETONATE CHELATES; THE PHOTOLYSIS OF SIMPLE INORGANIC IONS IN SOLUTION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN THE SOLID STATE; PHOTOCHROMISM AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE.
In his work on rings of operators in Hilbert space, John von Neumann discovered a new mathematical structure that resembled the lattice system Ln. In characterizing its properties, von Neumann founded the field of continuous geometry. This book, based on von Neumann's lecture notes, begins with the development of the axioms of continuous geometry, dimension theory, and--for the irreducible case--the function D(a). The properties of regular rings are then discussed, and a variety of results are presented for lattices that are continuous geometries, for which irreducibility is not assumed. For students and researchers interested in ring theory or projective geometries, this book is required reading.
This first introduction to the rapidly growing field of molecular magnetism is written with Masters and PhD students in mind, while postdocs and other newcomers will also find it an extremely useful guide. Adopting a clear didactic approach, the authors cover the fundamental concepts, providing many examples and give an overview of the most important techniques and key applications. Although the focus is one lanthanide ions, thus reflecting the current research in the field, the principles and the methods equally apply to other systems. The result is an excellent textbook from both a scientific and pedagogic point of view.
This book summarizes the results of studies on charge transfer photochemistry of metal complexes of the past few years. The material covered is organized in such a manner that each chapter discusses the photoredox properties of complexes of a series of metals which belong to the same column of the periodic table, including both transition metals and main group metals (for those that show photoactivity). Foremostly, the book covers photoinduced processes in which the primary step is a charge transfer reaction of the excited metal complex. It is concerned primarily with in-depth descriptions and discussions of the photochemistry of complexes themselves, with less emphasis on theoretical discussions. This book is aimed at professional photochemical researchers as well as students and chemists who are interested in organometallic and inorganic metal complexes and plan to become familiar with their charge transfer photochemistry.
Polypyridyl and porphyrin complexes demonstrate an excitingly rich photochemistry. These systems have important applications in photocatalysis, photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy, and photosynthesis. The book covers the basic concepts of inorganic electronic spectroscopy and photochemistry and then discusses excited state production, relaxation, and photochemical reactions. Covers two important series of complexes in comprehensive surveys Written to serve researchers who need a rapid entry into the field Presents concepts and techniques useful to advanced students
