This rigorous tutorial is aimed at both power system professionals and electrical engineering students. Breaking down the complexities of load flow analysis into a series of short, focused chapters, the book develops each of the major algorithms used, covers the handling of generators and transformers in the analysis process, and details how these algorithms can be deployed in powerful software. Having read the book, and EE student or engineer will have all the tools necessary to predict load usage and prevent overloads, blackouts, and brownouts.
This book discusses the major aspects of load flow, optimization, optimal load flow, and culminates in modern heuristic optimization techniques and evolutionary programming. In the deregulated environment, the economic provision of electrical power to consumers requires knowledge of maintaining a certain power quality and load flow. Many case studies and practical examples are included to emphasize real-world applications. The problems at the end of each chapter can be solved by hand calculations without having to use computer software. The appendices are devoted to calculations of line and cable constants, and solutions to the problems are included throughout the book.
Featuring extensive calculations and examples, this reference discusses theoretical and practical aspects of short-circuit currents in ac and dc systems, load flow, and harmonic analyses to provide a sound knowledge base for modern computer-based studies that can be utilized in real-world applications. Presenting more than 2300 figures, tables, and
Fundamental to the planning, design, and operating stages of any electrical engineering endeavor, power system analysis continues to be shaped by dramatic advances and improvements that reflect today’s changing energy needs. Highlighting the latest directions in the field, Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow and Harmonics, Second Edition includes investigations into arc flash hazard analysis and its migration in electrical systems, as well as wind power generation and its integration into utility systems. Designed to illustrate the practical application of power system analysis to real-world problems, this book provides detailed descriptions and models of major electrical equipment, such as transformers, generators, motors, transmission lines, and power cables. With 22 chapters and 7 appendices that feature new figures and mathematical equations, coverage includes: Short-circuit analyses, symmetrical components, unsymmetrical faults, and matrix methods Rating structures of breakers Current interruption in AC circuits, and short-circuiting of rotating machines Calculations according to the new IEC and ANSI/IEEE standards and methodologies Load flow, transmission lines and cables, and reactive power flow and control Techniques of optimization, FACT controllers, three-phase load flow, and optimal power flow A step-by-step guide to harmonic generation and related analyses, effects, limits, and mitigation, as well as new converter topologies and practical harmonic passive filter designs—with examples More than 2000 equations and figures, as well as solved examples, cases studies, problems, and references Maintaining the structure, organization, and simplified language of the first edition, longtime power system engineer J.C. Das seamlessly melds coverage of theory and practical applications to explore the most commonly required short-circuit, load-flow, and harmonic analyses. This book requires only a beginning knowledge of the per-unit system, electrical circuits and machinery, and matrices, and it offers significant updates and additional information, enhancing technical content and presentation of subject matter. As an instructional tool for computer simulation, it uses numerous examples and problems to present new insights while making readers comfortable with procedure and methodology.
In the subject of power systems, authors felt that a re-look is necessary at some conventional methods of analysis. In this book, the authors have subjected the time-honoured load flow to a close scrutiny. Authors have discovered and discussed a new load flow procedure – Modular Load Flow. Modular Load Flow explores use of power – a scalar – as source for electrical circuits which are conventionally analysed by means of phasors – the ac voltages or currents. The method embeds Kirchhoff’s circuit laws as topological property into its scalar equations and results in a unique wonderland where phase angles do not exist! Generators are shown to have their own worlds which can be superimposed to obtain the state of the composite power system. The treatment is useful in restructured power systems where stakeholders and the system operators may desire to know individual generator contributions in line flows and line losses for commercial reasons. Solution in Modular Load Flow consists of explicit expressions which are applicable with equal ease to well-conditioned, ill-conditioned and very low voltage situations. It is found to be computationally much faster than the iterative load flows and indicates promise for online application. Indian blackouts of July 30 and 31, 2012 are analysed using an equivalent grid network to indicate its utility. Besides its ability to deal with ground reality in power systems, Modular Load Flow points to a theory that unveils interesting mathematical structures which should entice avid researchers. Second author has had first author as teacher and third author as student. The lecture notes therefore reflect ethos of three generations of teachers.
The accurate prediction of multi-physical and multi-scale physical/chemical/mechanical processes in engineering remains a challenging problem despite considerable work in this area and the acceptance of finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics as design tools. This book intends to provide the reader with an overview of the latest developments in computational techniques used in various engineering disciplines. The book includes leading-edge scientific contributions of computational and applied mathematics, computer science and engineering focusing on the modelling and simulation of complex engineering systems and multi-physical/multi-scale engineering problems. The following topics are covered: numerical analysis and algorithms, software development, coupled analysis, multi-criteria optimization as they applied to all kinds of applied and emerging problems in energy systems, additive manufacturing, propulsion systems, and thermal engineering.
The capability of effectively analyzing complex systems is fundamental to the operation, management and planning of power systems. This book offers broad coverage of essential power system concepts and features a complete and in-depth account of all the latest developments, including Power Flow Analysis in Market Environment; Power Flow Calculation of AC/DC Interconnected Systems and Power Flow Control and Calculation for Systems Having FACTS Devices and recent results in system stability.
The Updated Third Edition Provides a Systems Approach to Sustainable Green Energy Production and Contains Analytical Tools for the Design of Renewable Microgrids The revised third edition of Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems integrates three areas of electrical engineering: power systems, power electronics, and electric energy conversion systems. The book also addresses the fundamental design of wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy microgrids as part of smart-bulk power-grid systems. In order to demystify the complexity of the integrated approach, the author first presents the basic concepts, and then explores a simulation test bed in MATLAB® in order to use these concepts to solve a basic problem in the development of smart grid energy system. Each chapter offers a problem of integration and describes why it is important. Then the mathematical model of the problem is formulated, and the solution steps are outlined. This step is followed by developing a MATLAB® simulation test bed. This important book: Reviews the basic principles underlying power systems Explores topics including: AC/DC rectifiers, DC/AC inverters, DC/DC converters, and pulse width modulation (PWM) methods Describes the fundamental concepts in the design and operation of smart grid power grids Supplementary material includes a solutions manual and PowerPoint presentations for instructors Written for undergraduate and graduate students in electric power systems engineering, researchers, and industry professionals, the revised third edition of Design of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systems is a guide to the fundamental concepts of power grid integration on microgrids of green energy sources.
This study guide is designed for students taking courses in electric power system analysis. The textbook includes examples, questions, and exercises that will help electric power engineering students to review and sharpen their knowledge of the subject and enhance their performance in the classroom. Offering detailed solutions, multiple methods for solving problems, and clear explanations of concepts, this hands-on guide will improve student’s problem-solving skills and basic and advanced understanding of the topics covered in power system analysis courses.
Microgrid technology is an emerging area, and it has numerous advantages over the conventional power grid. A microgrid is defined as Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and interconnected loads with clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable entity concerning the grid. Microgrid technology enables the connection and disconnection of the system from the grid. That is, the microgrid can operate both in grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Microgrid technologies are an important part of the evolving landscape of energy and power systems. Many aspects of microgrids are discussed in this volume, including, in the early chapters of the book, the various types of energy storage systems, power and energy management for microgrids, power electronics interface for AC & DC microgrids, battery management systems for microgrid applications, power system analysis for microgrids, and many others. The middle section of the book presents the power quality problems in microgrid systems and its mitigations, gives an overview of various power quality problems and its solutions, describes the PSO algorithm based UPQC controller for power quality enhancement, describes the power quality enhancement and grid support through a solar energy conversion system, presents the fuzzy logic-based power quality assessments, and covers various power quality indices. The final chapters in the book present the recent advancements in the microgrids, applications of Internet of Things (IoT) for microgrids, the application of artificial intelligent techniques, modeling of green energy smart meter for microgrids, communication networks for microgrids, and other aspects of microgrid technologies. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in the area of microgrids, this is a must-have for any library.
