Conventional approaches to mitigating transport's environmental impacts have used observed and projected transport trends and sought to assess the environmental impacts of these trends. Whilst this approach is acknowledged as useful, it is not perceived as capable of leading to meeting long-term environmental objectives. Accordingly the project on Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) was initiated in late 1994. The EST is a backcasting exercise. One or more desirable futures are defined and policy development is guided by an assessment of what is required to achieve them. The project comprised four phases: Phase 1 involved a review of relevant activities of member countries and defining the development of the project; Phase 2 focused on the gap between current and projected trends; Phase 3 has been the backcasting exercise; Phase 4, which has overlapped with Phase 3, refined the criteria for achieving ESTG and development policy guidelines. This report represents the results of Phase 3 of the project.
This publication presents and explains the OECD Guidelines towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport, which have been developed to help governments enable economic development and individual welfare without causing undue health and environmental impacts and depletion of finite resources.
Achieving environmentally sustainable transport (EST) will require widespread acceptance of the need for EST, and a mix of measures designed to overcome the barriers to EST. This proceedings examines the measures needed.
This publication sets out the discussions of an OECD workshop, held in Berlin in December 2002, to address issues related to the implementation of Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) guidelines, endorsed by OECD Environment Ministers in 2001. Conclusions reached include that a combination of measures will be required to achieve real progress and overcome barriers to change effectively, including 'hard' measures (such as taxes, emission standards, speed limits, and other fiscal and regulatory instruments) and 'soft' measures (such as the provision of information and the use of communication strategies and educational techniques). A number of policy recommendations are given on how soft measures can be used to increase the acceptance of hard measures, as well as their direct role in changing transport-related behaviour.
Reflecting the dynamic relationships between socio-technical behaviour and change, this book presents leading research on the transition process needed to achieve more sustainable transport systems. Focusing on making transition happen, this volume looks at various aspects and factors that are involved in the transition process and their implications for transport policy-making. The concept of Transition Management and how it can be applied to the transport sector is considered in detail, and forms the focus of the first part of the volume. The rest of the book is organised according to the three themes of transport energy use and emissions, the role of information in policy-making, and the evaluation of transport policy. This volume brings together scholars involved in research from various disciplines and countries to discuss the relationships between policy instruments, individual behaviour, institutional practices and the transition towards more sustainable transport systems.
- Substantial progress has been made in improving the sustainability of transport in Europe in a number of areas and is reported in this paper. Nevertheless there remain important problems and challenges: - unsustainable rates of traffic growth ...