This book focuses on biomedical applications of polarized light, covering instrumentation and modeling specific to the field. This will be the first book, written by leading researchers in the field, to tackle this important topic. Readers will learn the fundamentals of polarized light transport and how to develop instrumentation for clinical and preclinical studies. They will also become familiar with the latest advancement in data analysis and image processing for a variety of medical applications. The book is dedicated specifically to the biomedical community, including scientists, engineers, and physicians working on the development of instrumentation for clinical and preclinical use. Emphasizes biomedical imaging and sensing; Describes new computational approaches with examples; Provides detailed descriptions of novel instrumentation.
This book introduces the optical multi-band polarization imaging theory and the utilization of the multi-band polarimetric information for detecting the camouflage object and the optical hidden marker, and enhancing the visibility in bad weather and water. The book describes systematically and in detail the basic optical polarimetry theory; provides abundant multi-band polarimetric imaging experiment data; and indicates practical evaluation methods for designing the multi-band polarization imager, for analyzing and modeling the object’s multi-band polarization characteristics, and for enhancing the vision performance in scattering media. This book shows the latest research results of multi-band polarimetric vision, especially in camouflage object detection, optical hidden marker detection and multi-band polarimetric imagery fusion. From this book, readers can get a complete understanding about multi-band polarimetric imaging and its application in different vision tasks.
Optical Polarization in Biomedical Applications introduces key developments in optical polarization methods for quantitative studies of tissues, while presenting the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium as a basis for the quantitative description of polarized light interaction with tissues. This theory uses the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters and predicts the polarization structure of multiple scattered optical fields. The backscattering polarization matrices (Jones matrix and Mueller matrix) important for noninvasive medical diagnostic are introduced. The text also describes a number of diagnostic techniques such as CW polarization imaging and spectroscopy, polarization microscopy and cytometry. As a new tool for medical diagnosis, optical coherent polarization tomography is analyzed. The monograph also covers a range of biomedical applications, among them cataract and glaucoma diagnostics, glucose sensing, and the detection of bacteria.
Polarized light is a pervasive influence in our world—and scientists and engineers in a variety of fields require the tools to understand, measure, and apply it to their advantage. Offering an in-depth examination of the subject and a description of its applications, Polarized Light, Third Edition serves as a comprehensive self-study tool complete with an extensive mathematical analysis of the Mueller matrix and coverage of Maxwell’s equations. Links Historical Developments to Current Applications and Future Innovations This book starts with a general description of light and continues with a complete exploration of polarized light, including how it is produced and its practical applications. The author incorporates basic topics, such as polarization by refraction and reflection, polarization elements, anisotropic materials, polarization formalisms (Mueller–Stokes and Jones) and associated mathematics, and polarimetry, or the science of polarization measurement. New to the Third Edition: A new introductory chapter Chapters on: polarized light in nature, and form birefringence A review of the history of polarized light, and a chapter on the interference laws of Fresnel and Arago—both completely re-written A new appendix on conventions used in polarized light New graphics, and black-and-white photos and color plates Divided into four parts, this book covers the fundamental concepts and theoretical framework of polarized light. Next, it thoroughly explores the science of polarimetry, followed by discussion of polarized light applications. The author concludes by discussing how our polarized light framework is applied to physics concepts, such as accelerating charges and quantum systems. Building on the solid foundation of the first two editions, this book reorganizes and updates existing material on fundamentals, theory, polarimetry, and applications. It adds new chapters, graphics, and color photos, as well as a new appendix on conventions used in polarized light. As a result, the author has re-established this book’s lofty status in the pantheon of literature on this important field.
Polarized Light and Optical Measurement is a five-chapter book that begins with a self-consistent conceptual picture of the phenomenon of polarization. Chapter 2 describes a number of interactions of light and matter used in devising optical elements in polarization studies. Specific optical elements are given in Chapter 3. The last two chapters explore the measurement of the state of polarization and the various roles played in optical instrumentation by polarization and polarization-sensitive elements. This book will provide useful information in this field of interest for research workers, postgraduate students, as well as undergraduate students.
Utilization of polarized light for improved specificity and sensitivity in disease diagnosis is occurring more often in fields of sensing, measurement, and medical diagnostics. This dissertation focuses on two distinct areas where polarized light is applied in biomedical sensing/monitoring: The first portion of worked reported in this dissertation focuses on addressing several major obstacles that exist prohibiting the use of polarized light as a means of developing an optical based non-invasive polarimetric glucose sensor to improve the quality of life and disease monitoring for millions of people currently afflicted by diabetes mellitus. In this work there are two key areas, which were focused on that require further technical advances for the technology to be realized as a viable solution. First, in vivo studies performed on New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits using a dual-wavelength polarimeter were conducted to allow for performance validation and modeling for predictive glucose measurements accounting for the time delay associated with blood aqueous humor glucose concentrations in addition to overcoming motion induced birefringence utilizing multiple linear regression analysis. Further, feasibility of non-matched index of refraction eye coupling between the system and corneal surface was evaluated using modeling and verified with in vitro testing validation. The system was initially modeled followed by construction of the non-matched coupling configuration for testing in vitro. The second half of the dissertation focuses on the use of polarized light microscopy designed, built, and tested as a low-cost high quality cellphone based polarimetric imaging system to aid medical health professionals in improved diagnosis of disease in the clinic and in low-resource settings. Malaria remains a major global health burden and new methods for, low-cost, high-sensitivity diagnosis of malaria are needed particularly in remote low-resource areas throughout the world. Here, a cost effective optical cell-phone based transmission polarized light microscope system is presented utilized for imaging the malaria pigment known as hemozoin. Validation testing of the optical resolution required to provide diagnosis similar to commercial polarized imaging systems will be conducted and the optimal design will be utilized in addition to image processing to improve the diagnostic capability. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155527
As the need for accurate and non-invasive optical characterization and diagnostic techniques is rapidly increasing, it is imperative to find improved ways of extracting the additional information contained within the measured parameters of the scattered light. This is the first specialized monograph on photopolarimetry, a rapidly developing, multidisciplinary topic with numerous military, ecological remote-sensing, astrophysical, biomedical, and technological applications. The main objective is to describe and discuss techniques developed in various disciplines to acquire useful information from the polarization signal of scattered electromagnetic waves. It focuses on the state-of-the-art in polarimetric detection, characterization, and remote sensing, including military and environmental monitoring as well as terrestrial, atmospheric, and biomedical characterization. The book identifies polarimetric techniques that have been especially successful for various applications as well as the future needs of the various research communities. The monograph is intended to facilitate cross-pollination of ideas and thereby improve research efficiency and help advance the field of polarimetry into the future. The book is thoroughly interdisciplinary and contains only invited review chapters written by leading experts in the respective fields. It will be useful to science professionals, engineers, and graduate students working in a broad range of disciplines: optics, electromagnetics, atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, radar meteorology, oceanography, climate research, astrophysics, optical engineering and technology, particle characterization, and biomedical optics.
This comprehensive introduction to polarized light provides students and researchers with the background and the specialized knowledge needed to fully utilize polarized light. It provides a basic introduction to the interaction of light with matter for those unfamiliar with photochemistry and photophysics. An in-depth discussion of polarizing optics is also given. Different analytical techniques are introduced and compared and introductions to the use of polarized light in various forms of spectroscopy are provided. Starts at a basic level and develops tools for research problems Discusses practical devices for controlling polarized light Compares the Jones, Mueller, and Poincaré sphere methods of analysis
