Managing Global Genetic Resources
Managing Global Genetic Resources

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1993-02-01

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 0309131863

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This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.

Plant Quarantine and the International Transfer of Germplasm
Plant Quarantine and the International Transfer of Germplasm

Author: Donald L. Plucknett

Publisher:

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 74

ISBN-13:

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This paper reviews the history of quarantine services, discusses principles for successful quarantine operations and identifies major constraints to the exchange of plant materials due to quarantine restrictions and procedures. It also explores some of the difficulties faced by quarantine services, plant breeders, and genebank curators in attempting to detect diseases or pests and clean up seeds and vegetative materials. The paper examines disease and pest screening techniques, with an emphasis on emerging biotechnologies that are revolutionizing diagnostic and clean up work for plant germplasm. It underscores the importance of intermediate quarantine, particularly for tropical cash crops. Finally, the paper analyzes ways to strengthen quarantine services worldwide so that crop improvement programs can operate more efficiently and effectively.

Plant Biodiversity and Genetic Resources
Plant Biodiversity and Genetic Resources

Author: Andreas W. Ebert

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2021-06-18

Total Pages: 672

ISBN-13: 3036508945

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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of plant biodiversity and genetic resources, including definitions, descriptions, and illustrations of different components and their value for food and nutrition security, breeding, and environmental services. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided regarding conservation approaches and techniques for plant genetic resources, policy aspects, and results of biological, genetic, morphological, economic, social, and breeding-related research activities. The complexity and vulnerability of (plant) biodiversity and its inherent genetic resources, as an integral part of the contextual ecosystem and the human web of life, are clearly demonstrated in this Special Issue, and for several encountered problems and constraints, possible approaches or solutions are presented to overcome these.

Plant Health and Quarantine in International Transfer of Genetic Research
Plant Health and Quarantine in International Transfer of Genetic Research

Author: William Boright Hewitt

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1977

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13:

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Plant health problems of a general nature; Pathological; Nematological; Entomological; Problems of seeds and selected crop plants; Methods for detection and control of seed-borne fungi and bacteria; Seed-borne viruses; Banana (Musa spp.); Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.); Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz); Citrus; Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.); Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.); Coffee (Coffea spp.); Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.); Grapevine and temperate fruits (Vitis, Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, Cydonia, and Amygdalus spp.); Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.); Ornamental bulbs and corms: fungi, bacteria, and insect pests; Ornamental bulbs and corms: virus and virus-like pathogens; Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): viruses and mycoplasma-like organisms; Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis M.); Small fruits (Fragaria, Rubus, Ribes, and Vaccinium spp.); Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.); Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.); Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz); Plant quarantine and the transfer of germplasm; Plant quarantine: principles, methodology, and suggested approaches; Quarantine policy for seed in transfer of genetic resources; Post-entry and intermediate quarantine stations; Phytosanitary regulations and the transfer of genetic resources.

Current Advances in Coconut Biotechnology
Current Advances in Coconut Biotechnology

Author: C. Oropeza

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 435

ISBN-13: 9401592837

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The coconut palm occupies a significant place in the world economy as an important subsistence crop in all the areas in which it is grown. Relatively few countries are able to export any quantity of coconut products because of increasing home demands coupled with low productivity. Yields are generally well below potential despite recent developments with improved planting stock and agronomic practices. In the last 50 years, both these aspects have received considerable attention, but the focus is shifting to investigate how the use of recently developed biotechnological techniques- can benefit the coconut industry. This volume, the result of the International Symposium on Coconut Biotechnology (held in December 1997 in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico), describes recent research in three important areas. Standard plant breeding techniques used with coconut have produced improved planting material, but progress is inevitably very slow. Can more rapid genetic improvement be obtained using molecular techniques? The papers presented in this section suggest that such techniques will open up exciting new prospects, but only after basic information has been gathered on the genetic status of existing coconut stocks. Research using microsatellite techniques seems to provide a useful tool to help to classifying these stocks. However, only a combination of classical breeding methods with modem techniques will lead to the rapid improvement which is required to supply material for urgent replanting programs.

Cacao Diseases
Cacao Diseases

Author: Bryan A. Bailey

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-02-22

Total Pages: 630

ISBN-13: 3319247891

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This book reviews the current state of knowledge concerning cacao pathogens and methods for their management. Topics discussed include the history, biology and genetic diversity of Moniliophthora species (which cause witches’ broom and frosty pod rot) and Phytophthora species (which cause black pod rot) that cause diseases resulting in major losses to cacao production. Emerging pathogens such as Cacao swollen shoot virus and Ceratobasidium theobromae (which causes vascular streak dieback) are also discussed in detail, along with many pathogens of significant local concern. Most of these pathogens represent major risks to global cacao production should they expand into new areas, breaking out of their current limited distributions. By considering cacao diseases as a group, similarities in the available tools and techniques used in their management become apparent, as do their limitations. Gaps in our current knowledge of cacao pathogens and the management of the diseases they cause are detailed, and suggestions for future research directions are provided. This insight allows readers to consider cacao disease threats from a more comprehensive, global perspective and paves the way for an improved synergy of efforts between the various research programs, agencies, and industries, both private and public, with vested interests in cacao production, and cacao farmers.

The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System
The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

Author: Committee on Managing Global Genetic Resources: Agricultural Imperatives

Publisher: Haworth Press

Published: 1991

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 9780309043908

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In the United States, the critical task of preserving our plant genetic resources is the responsibility of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). NPGS undergoes a thorough analysis in this book, which offers wide-ranging recommendations for equipping the agency to better meet U.S. needsâ€"and lead international conservation efforts. The book outlines the importance and status of plant genetic conservation and evaluates NPGS's multifaceted operations. Two options for revamping NPGS within the U.S. Department of Agriculture are included.