Foundations of Plane Geometry
Foundations of Plane Geometry

Author: Harvey I. Blau

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780130479549

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Ideal for users who may have little previous experience with abstraction and proof, this book provides a rigorous and unified--yet straightforward and accessible --exposition of the foundations of Euclidean, hyperbolic, and spherical geometry. Unique in approach, it combines an extended theme--the study of a generalized absolute plane from axioms through classification into the three fundamental classical planes--with a leisurely development that allows ample time for mathematical growth. It is purposefully structured to facilitate the development of analytic and reasoning skills and to promote an awareness of the depth, power, and subtlety of the axiomatic method in general, and of Euclidean and non-Euclidean plane geometry in particular. Focus on one main topic--The axiomatic development of the absolute plane--which is pursued through a classification into Euclidean, hyperbolic, and spherical planes. Presents specific models such as the sphere, the Klein-Betrami hyperbolic model, and the "gap" plane. Gradually presents axioms for absolute plane geometry.

Hadamard's Plane Geometry
Hadamard's Plane Geometry

Author: Mark E. Saul

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2010-02-10

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 0821843680

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Jacques Hadamard, among the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century, made signal contributions to a number of fields. But his mind could not be confined to the upper reaches of mathematical thought. He also produced a massive two-volume work, on plane and solid geometry, for pre-college teachers in the French school system. In those books, Hadamard's style invites participation. His exposition is minimal, providing only the results necessary to support the solution of the many elegant problems he poses afterwards. That is, the problems interpret the text in the way that harmony interprets melody in a well-composed piece of music. The present volume offers solutions to the problems in the first part of Hadamard's work (Lessons in Geometry. I. Plane Geometry, Jacques Hadamard, Amer. Math. Soc. (2008)), and can be viewed as a reader's companion to that book. It requires of the reader only the background of high school plane geometry, which Lessons in Geometry provides. The solutions strive to connect the general methods given in the text with intuitions that are natural to the subject, giving as much motivation as possible as well as rigorous and formal solutions. Ideas for further exploration are often suggested, as well as hints for classroom use. This book will be of interest to high school teachers, gifted high school students, college students, and those mathematics majors interested in geometry.

Lessons in Geometry: Plane geometry
Lessons in Geometry: Plane geometry

Author: Jacques Hadamard

Publisher: American Mathematical Society(RI)

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780821843673

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The TI-Nspire documents demonstrate connections among problems and - through the free trial software included on the CD - will allow the reader to explore and interact with Hadamard's Geometry in new ways.The material also includes introductions to several advanced topics. The exposition is spare, giving only the minimal background needed for a student to explore these topics. Much of the value of the book lies in the problems, whose solutions open worlds to the engaged reader. And so this book is in the Socratic tradition, as well as the Euclidean, in that it demands of the reader both engagement and interaction. A forthcoming companion volume that includes solutions, extensions, and classroom activities related to the problems can only begin to open the treasures offered by this work.

The Advanced Geometry of Plane Curves and Their Applications
The Advanced Geometry of Plane Curves and Their Applications

Author: C. Zwikker

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 2011-11-30

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 0486153436

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"Of chief interest to mathematicians, but physicists and others will be fascinated ... and intrigued by the fruitful use of non-Cartesian methods. Students ... should find the book stimulating." — British Journal of Applied Physics This study of many important curves, their geometrical properties, and their applications features material not customarily treated in texts on synthetic or analytic Euclidean geometry. Its wide coverage, which includes both algebraic and transcendental curves, extends to unusual properties of familiar curves along with the nature of lesser known curves. Informative discussions of the line, circle, parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola presuppose only the most elementary facts. The less common curves — cissoid, strophoid, spirals, the leminscate, cycloid, epicycloid, cardioid, and many others — receive introductions that explain both their basic and advanced properties. Derived curves-the involute, evolute, pedal curve, envelope, and orthogonal trajectories-are also examined, with definitions of their important applications. These range through the fields of optics, electric circuit design, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, classical mechanics, electromagnetism, crystallography, gear design, road engineering, orbits of subatomic particles, and similar areas in physics and engineering. The author represents the points of the curves by complex numbers, rather than the real Cartesian coordinates, an approach that permits simple, direct, and elegant proofs.

Plane and Solid Geometry
Plane and Solid Geometry

Author: J.M. Aarts

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-04-28

Total Pages: 357

ISBN-13: 0387782419

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This is a book on Euclidean geometry that covers the standard material in a completely new way, while also introducing a number of new topics that would be suitable as a junior-senior level undergraduate textbook. The author does not begin in the traditional manner with abstract geometric axioms. Instead, he assumes the real numbers, and begins his treatment by introducing such modern concepts as a metric space, vector space notation, and groups, and thus lays a rigorous basis for geometry while at the same time giving the student tools that will be useful in other courses.

Old and New Unsolved Problems in Plane Geometry and Number Theory
Old and New Unsolved Problems in Plane Geometry and Number Theory

Author: Victor Klee

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2020-07-31

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 1470454610

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Victor Klee and Stan Wagon discuss some of the unsolved problems in number theory and geometry, many of which can be understood by readers with a very modest mathematical background. The presentation is organized around 24 central problems, many of which are accompanied by other, related problems. The authors place each problem in its historical and mathematical context, and the discussion is at the level of undergraduate mathematics. Each problem section is presented in two parts. The first gives an elementary overview discussing the history and both the solved and unsolved variants of the problem. The second part contains more details, including a few proofs of related results, a wider and deeper survey of what is known about the problem and its relatives, and a large collection of references. Both parts contain exercises, with solutions. The book is aimed at both teachers and students of mathematics who want to know more about famous unsolved problems.