Physical Changes in the Pore Structure of Coal with Chemical Processing
Physical Changes in the Pore Structure of Coal with Chemical Processing

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1978

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The physical structure of Roland Seam coal was characterized by studying the surface areas, pore volumes, and pore distributions of raw coal, extracted coals, and reacted coals. BET surface areas were measured by carbon dioxide adsorption at 195°K and nitrogen adsorption at 77°K. Pore volumes were calculated by the difference in the reciprocals of measured apparent and actual densities. Distribution curves were generated by measuring mercury penetration as a function of pressure. The data gathered suggests a micropore structure having a 34 A average diameter and random constrictions of the order of 4 A. Extraction generates new micropores and degrades the micropore structure. Changes in the pore distribution and the generation of new pores indicate that resistance to extraction due to the pore structure is minimal, while pore-volume data confirm the preferential liquefaction of lower-molecular-weight material. Increases in surface roughness due to pretreatment of the coal indicate a higher selectivity of solvents after hydrogenation of the coal. A study of the BET constant implies that the surface becomes more favorable to carbon dioxide adsorption with increasing extraction.

Encyclopedia of Mineral and Energy Policy
Encyclopedia of Mineral and Energy Policy

Author: Günter Tiess

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-07-14

Total Pages: 862

ISBN-13: 366247493X

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This Encyclopedia provides a cutting-edge, up-to-date reference source on mineral and energy policies around the world. It offers information on GDP, population, investment scenarios and current environmental regulations in over one hundred thirty countries from 13 geographic regions around the world. It covers topics such as geo-conservation, deep mining technology as well as rare earth, green technology and international organizations that are actively involved in minerals and energy through exploration, arbitration, marketing and investment. Topical entries are presented alphabetically with extensive cross-referencing to ensure user-friendly reading. This Encyclopedia presents the work of more than 20 section editors and more than 100 international experts in the fields of mineral and energy policies. It is designed as a essential resource for researchers, students, libraries, industry, governments, and international organizations and presents a wealth of insights and guidance for corporate planning regarding exploration and financial investments, as well as for venture capitalist and international funding bodies. As such, it provides an indispensable point of reference for future research on mineral and energy policy.

The Structure and Reaction Processes of Coal
The Structure and Reaction Processes of Coal

Author: K.Lee Smith

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 148991322X

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Founded on the work of the renowned Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center, the authors document and integrate current knowledge of the organic and inorganic structure of coal and its reaction processes. With the urgent need for cleaner, more efficient use of this worldwide fuel, their work will set a clear course for future research.

The Chemistry and Technology of Coal
The Chemistry and Technology of Coal

Author: James G. Speight

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2012-09-04

Total Pages: 837

ISBN-13: 1439836485

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The demand for coal use (for electricity generation) and coal products, particularly liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks, is increasing throughout the world. Traditional markets such as North America and Europe are experiencing a steady increase in demand whereas emerging Asian markets, such as India and China, are witnessing a rapid surge in dema

Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization
Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization

Author: Stephen Niksa

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2021-08-26

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 0323903819

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Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization: Chemistry Toolkit for Furnaces and Gasifiers presents a broad range of quantitative methods for solving common problems surrounding the performance of coal utilization technologies. As a logical follow up to Niksa's 2019 publication which covers the Impacts of Coal Quality and Operating Conditions (9780128187135), this book demonstrates the practical applications of the technologies previously discussed and analyzes fuel quality impacts across all regions. Stephen Niksa's wealth of experience of commercial applications of coal utilization makes this book an invaluable resource into fuel applications, cost effectiveness and policy. Relating coal conversion chemistry to practical applications in design, validation, performance and troubleshooting on a commercial scale makes this book an invaluable resource for a variety of readers. Engineers, researchers and manufacturers will gain a solid understanding of technological options and a range of alternative approaches that they can use to tailor their own testing and simulation work to effectively characterize and solve problems. - Presents a series of case studies which exemplify several analytical approaches to fuel performance and technology - Illustrates a broad range of commercial approaches with numerous practical applications to guide the reader through testing and simulation - Solves technical problems for common situations, saving readers time and enabling them to tailor their own approach

Coalbed Methane in China
Coalbed Methane in China

Author: Yan Song

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-02-09

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 9813347252

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The coalbed methane (CBM) reserve in China ranks third in the world with a total resource of 36.8×1012 m3. Exploitation of CBM has an important practical significance to ensure the long-term rapid development of China natural gas industry. Therefore, in 2002, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China set up a national 973 program to study CBM system and resolve problems of CBM exploration and exploitation in China. All the main research results and new insights from the program are presented in this book. The book is divided into 11 chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the present situation of CBM exploration and development in China and abroad. Chapters 2 through 9 illustrate the geological theory and prospect evaluation methods. Then chapters 10 and 11 discuss CBM recovery mechanisms and technology. The book systematically describes the origin, storage, accumulation and emission of CBM in China, and also proposes new methods and technologies on resource evaluation, prospect prediction, seismic interpretation and enhanced recovery. The book will appeal to geologists, lecturers and students who are involved in the CBM industry and connected with coal and conventional hydrocarbon resources research.